104th Congress, 2d Session / Senate Document 104-20

________________________________________________________________________

Resolved: that the Federal Government should establish a program to
substantially reduce juvenile crime in the United States

________________________________________________________________________


           NATIONAL DEBATE TOPIC FOR HIGH SCHOOLS, 1996-97
           Pursuant to 44 United States Code, Section 1333

           Compiled by the Congressional Research Service
                       Library of Congress

                    44 U.S. CODE SECTION 1333

 (a)  The Librarian of Congress shall prepare compilations of pertinent
excerpts, bibliographical references, and other appropriate materials
relating to:
 (1) the subject selected annually by the National University Extension
Association as the national high school debate topics and
 (2) the subject selected annually by the American Speech Association as
the national college debate topic.

 In preparing the compilations the Librarian shall include materials
which in his judgment are representative of, and give equal emphasis to,
the opposing points of view on the respective topics.
 (b)  The compilations on the high school debate topics shall be printed
as Senate documents and the compilations on the college debate topics
shall be printed as House of Representative documents, the cost of which
shall be charged to the congressional allotment for printing and binding.
Additional copies of such documents may be printed in the quantities and
distributed in the manner as the Joint Committee on Printing directs.

(Pub. L. 90-620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270.)

                            CONTENTS

 FOREWORD   v

 INTRODUCTION vii

   RESOLVED: THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ESTABLISH A PROGRAM TO
SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE JUVENILE CRIME IN THE UNITED STATES (An Annotated
Bibliography on the 1996-1997 High School Debate Topic)

  I.  GENERAL   3
  II.  CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND VIOLENCE   8
  III.  ADMINISTRATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE  13
    A.  GENERAL  13
    B.  JUVENILE COURTS  17
    C.  JUVENILE CORRECTIONS, JUVENILE DETENTION, JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS,
JUVENILE PAROLE, AND JUVENILE PROBATION  19
    D.  PRISON BOOT CAMPS  23
    E.  REHABILITATION  24
  IV.  DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION  27
  V.  DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE  35
    A.  DRUG USE PATTERNS  35
    B.  CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR AND LAW ENFORCEMENT  38
    C.  EDUCATION, PREVENTION, INTERVENTION, AND TREATMENT  42
  VI.  GANGS  48
    A.  GENERAL  48
    B.  PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION  53
  VII.  SCHOOL VIOLENCE AND SECURITY  55
    A.  GENERAL  55
    B.  PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION  58
  VIII.  VIOLENCE IN MASS MEDIA  61

 A GUIDE TO INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE 1996-1997 HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TOPIC  67

 AVAILABLE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS ON THE 1996-1997 HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE
TOPIC  85

    Congressional Research Service - The Library of Congress - Washington,
                          D.C. 20540-7000

                                FOREWORD

 The 1996-1997 high school debate topic is "Resolved: that the Federal
Government should establish a program to substantially reduce juvenile
crime in the United States."

 In compliance with 44 U.S. Code 1333, the Congressional Research Service
of the Library of Congress prepared this compilation of materials and
bibliographic references to assist high school debaters in researching the
topic.  In selecting items for this manual, the Congressional Research
Service (CRS) has sampled the wide spectrum of opinions reflected in
current literature on these questions.  No preference for any policy is
indicated by the selection or positioning of articles cited, nor is CRS
disapproval of any policy or article to be inferred from its omission.

 The annotated bibliography covers such topics as delinquency and prevention,
juvenile courts, corrections, rehabilitation, drug and alcohol abuse, gangs,
and school violence.

 A research guide is included at the end of this volume; it is intended to
help debaters identify further references and organizational resources on
their own.  Also included is a list of relevant publications that are
available for purchase from the Superintendent of Documents, Government
Printing Office.  Some of the U.S. Government documents listed in the manual
may be found in U.S. Government depository libraries, which can be
identified by local public libraries.  The Library of Congress cannot
distribute copies of these or other materials to debaters.  Because this
document is so widely used, GPO has also placed it on its Web site for direct
viewing or downloading into ASCII text or Adobe Acrobat Portable Document
Format (PDF).  The address is:
 http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/aaces800.shtml

 The bibliography and research guide were prepared by Tangela G. Roe,
Bibliographer in the Library Services Division.  Valerie Miles-Washington
produced the bibliography and the research guide.

 Good luck to each debater in researching, preparing, and presenting
arguments on this year's topic.

                                             Daniel P. Mulhollan, Director
                                            Congressional Research Service

                               INTRODUCTION

 This selected bibliography provides citations to assist high school debaters
with research on the 1996-1997 debate topic on juvenile crime.  It covers a
number of issues associated with juvenile delinquency and crime.

 Monographs, journal and magazine articles, reports, and Congressional
publications from recent years are included, particularly focusing on
publications from 1991 to present.  Sources in this annotated bibliography
were obtained from the computerized bibliographic database created and
maintained by the Congressional Research Service's Library Services Division
and from the Library of Congress' online catalog.

 The General section includes sources addressing several facets of juvenile
delinquency.  This section also includes general discussions of recent trends
in urban crime, with a particular focus on crimes committed by juveniles.

 The next section, Causes of Juvenile Delinquency and Violence, identifies
sources addressing the reasons why certain people become criminals,
particularly focusing on juveniles.

 The third section, Administration of Juvenile Justice, includes the
following subsections: A.  General; B.  Juvenile Courts; C.  Juvenile
Corrections, Juvenile Detention, Juvenile Institutions, Juvenile Parole,
and Juvenile Probation; D.  Prison Boot Camps; and E.  Rehabilitation.

 The Delinquency Prevention and Intervention section addresses general
discussions of delinquency preventive strategies.  Strategies focusing on
preventing particular problems, such as drug abuse or gangs, are included
in the appropriate section.

 The fifth section, Drug and Alcohol Abuse, includes the following
subsections:  A.  Drug Use Patterns; B.  Criminal Behavior and Law
Enforcement; and C.  Education, Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment.

 The section on Gangs, includes the following subsections:  A.  General
and B.  Prevention and Intervention.

 The penultimate section, School Violence and Security, includes the
following subsections:  A.  General and B.  Prevention and Intervention.

 The final section, Violence in Mass Media, includes sources examining
whether there is inappropriate violence in the media, the effect that
media violence might have on young people, and the limits to which
government should attempt to censor violence in the media.

 The author wishes to thank her colleagues in the Congressional Research
Service for their help in the preparation of this bibliography.  Thanks are
also extended to the following Library Services Division colleagues for
their assistance--Kris Vajs, Head, Subject Specialization Section; Sherry
Shapiro, Bibliographic Specialist; and Bibliographic Assistant, Valerie
Miles-Washington, for technical production work.  Thanks are also extended
to CRS colleagues Jennifer Neisner, Suzanne Cavanagh, Liane E. White, David
Teasley, and Edith Cooper.


           Resolved that the Federal Government should
           establish a program to substantially reduce
               juvenile crime in the United States

                An Annotated Bibliography on the
               1996-1997 High School Debate Topic

                        Tangela G. Roe
                     Senior Bibliographer
                  Library Services Division

                    with the assistance of
       Valerie Miles-Washington, Bibliographic Assistant

                           June 1996

                          I.  GENERAL

 Adolescent sex offenders: issues in research and treatment.  Edited by
Emeline M. Otey and Gail D. Ryan.  Rockville, Md., National Institute of
Mental Health, 1985.  183 p.  (DHHS publication no. (ADM) 85-1396)
  Partial contents.--Identifying adolescent sex offenders: family incest
treatment programs as source.--Methodological and ethical issues in
evaluating and treating adolescent sexual offenders.--An outpatient
program's perspective on research directions.

 African-American perspectives on crime causation, criminal justice
administration, and crime prevention.  Edited by Anne T. Sulton.  Englewood,
Colo., Sulton Books, 1994.  222 p. HV6028.A33 1994
  Partial contents.--The colonial model as a theoretical explanation of crime
and delinquency.--Blacks, self-esteem, and delinquency: it's time for a new
approach.--Drugs and violence in gangs.--Black female delinquency.--Family and
delinquency: African-American female-headed households and chronic maladaptive
behavior by juveniles.--Reducing the involvement of African American males in
the criminal justice system: a policy paper.--Preventing crime through
economic development of urban neighborhoods.

Bartollas, Clemens.
 Juvenile delinquency.  3rd ed.  New York, Macmillan, 1993.  610 p.
HV9104.B345 1993
  "Instead of viewing delinquency in terms of only one context, such as that
of the legal or justice system, this book examines delinquency in broader
terms--the sociocultural, legal, political, economic, and historical
contexts.  All these contexts impinge on present efforts to prevent and
control delinquency and on future attempts to create hope and a new vision
for youths in trouble.  This edition, examines delinquency from a
sociological perspective.  The book also evaluates the justice system's
effectiveness in controlling juvenile delinquency, reviews recent
legislation and court rulings on the rights of youthful offenders, examines
the rights of adolescents in general, and assesses legal efforts to correct
their antisocial behavior."

Bennett, Richard R.  Basiotis, P. Peter.
 Structural correlates of juvenile property crime: a cross-national,
time-series analysis.  Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 28,
Aug. 1991: 262-287.
  "The present study employs a fixed effect, pooled, cross-section,
time-series analysis with a sample of 29 nations over a 25-year span to
evaluate a structural model of juvenile delinquency.  The findings indicate
that selected correlates of juvenile delinquency such as level of
industrialization, educational opportunity, national wealth, and
guardianship do not always behave as commonly believed."

Bigelow, Aileen M.
 In the ghetto: the state's duty to protect inner-city children from
violence.  Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy, v. 7,
no. 2, 1993: 533-567.
  "This article explores life for young children living in the
violence-ridden communities of the inner-city housing projects."

 Children and violence.  Edited by David Reiss . . .  [et al.]  New York,
Guilford Press, 1993.  136 p. HQ784.V55C44 1993
  Partial contents.--The NIMH Community Violence Project: I. Children as
victims of witnessses to violence: what is happening to our children?.--II.
The NIMH Community Violence Project: children's distress symptoms associated
with violence exposure.--Chronic community violence: what is happening to our
children?--Children's exposure to community violence: following a path from
concern to research to action.--Impact of violence on children and
adolescents: report from a community-based child psychiatry clinic.

Clark, Charles S.
 Suburban crime.  CQ researcher, v. 3, Sept. 3, 1993: whole issue
(769-792 p.)
  "Envied for decades as havens from crime, the nation's suburbs are
increasingly the setting for burglaries, rapes, car thefts and gunfights
between youth gangs.  Many residents fear that crime is spilling out from
the inner cities on highways and public transportation systems, but others
argue that most suburban crime is home-grown.  While homeowners install
burglar alarms and build walls around their subdivisions, social critics
warn against widening racial and class divisions and the decline of
America's sense of community.  As land-use planners rethink the design of
suburban tracts and shopping malls, suburban residents are joining
Neighborhood Watch anti-crime groups."

Collins, Jessica.
 Kids hurting kids for sex.  Insight (Washington times), v. 8, July 26, 1992:
12-13, 29-30.
  "Sex crimes are generally thought to be perpetrated by adults, but some of
the country's most violent children may soon change that notion.  Authorities
say the number of juvenile sex offenders across the United States is rising.
Nearly one-third of rape suspects in 1990 were under 21."

 Compilation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
and related provisions of law, as amended through December 31, 1994.
Prepared for use by the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities
of the U.S. House of Representatives, 104th Congress, 1st session.
Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  107 p.
  At head of title: committee print.
  "Serial no. 104-C"

Covering violence.  American journalism review, v. 16, Sept. 1994: 1-12.
  "A report on a conference on violence and the young."

Ewing, Charles Patrick.
 Kids who kill.  Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1990.  205 p.
HV9067.H6E954 1990
  Partial contents.--Theft-related killings.--Senseless killings.--Crazy
killings.--Little kids who kill.--Punishing kids who kill.--Juvenile homicide
in the 1990s.

 Exploring delinquency: causes and control.  [Compiled by] Dean G. Rojeck and
Gary F. Jensen.  Los Angeles, Roxbury Pub. Co., 1996.  464 p. HV9104.E99 1996

Feltey, Kathryn M.  Ainslie, Julie J.  Geib, Aleta.
 Sexual coercion attitudes among high school students: the influence of gender
and rape education.  Youth & society, v. 23, Dec. 1991: 229-250.
  "The perception of sexual coercion as justifiable under certain conditions
is the focus of the current study.  This study examined adolescents' attitudes
about date rape and other forced sexual behaviors within specific social
contexts to determine how these attitudes are affected by gender and other
structural and individual-level variables."

Forst, Martin L.  Harry, Jonathan.  Goddard, Phil A.
 A health-profile comparison of delinquent and homeless youths.  Journal of
health care for the poor and underserved, v. 4, 1993: 386-400.
  "Little is known about the health status and health care needs of homeless
and delinquent youths.  This study provides medical data (medical history and
physical examination) on samples of delinquent (n=245) and homeless (n=160)
youths in San Francisco, CA.  Although homeless youths had somewhat more
medical problems than did delinquent youths, both groups had a multiplicity of
medical problems, many of which were worse than among the general adolescent
population.  A substantial percentage of both samples did not have adequate
health care coverage."

Green, Herbert L.
 The state of America's cities; the eleventh annual opinion survey of
municipal elected officials.  Washington, National League of Cities, 1995.
47 p.
  At head of title: Research report on America's cities.
  Reports on several urban problems, including urban crime, highlighted by
respondents.  Finds that "nearly two out of three (63.4%) of city officials
say that youth crime worsened in their locality in 1994."

Greenfeld, Lawrence A.  Zawitz, Marianne W.
 Weapons offenses and offenders.  Washington, U.S. Bureau of Justice
Statistics, 1995. 8 p.
  "November 1995, NCJ-155284"
  "About 2% of arrests nation-wide in 1993 were for weapons offenses . . . .
Weapons arrests are predominantly male, age 18 or over, and white.  However,
weapons arrest rates per 100,000 population are highest for teens and for
blacks."

 Health and criminal justice: strengthening the partnership.  National
Institute of Justice journal, no. 228, Nov. 1994: 1-48.
  Partial contents.--Understanding the roots of crime: the project on human
development in Chicago neighborhoods.--Adopting the health care model to
prevent victimization.--Health care needs in corrections: NIJ responds.
--Young people, violence, and guns--what NIJ is doing now.

 Homicide Research Working Group (3rd : 1995 : Atlanta, Ga.).
 Trends, risks, and interventions in lethal violence: proceedings.
Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1995.  370 p.
  "NCJ-154254"
  Partial contents.--Recent and long term trends in U.S. homicide.-- International and regional violence patterns.--High risk groups: youth at
risk of becoming an offender.--Data for what?  Intervention strategies
based on data analysis.--Violence surveillance and prevention at CDC.

 Inner city violence.  Gary E. McCuen [editor]  Hudson, Wis., G.E. McCuen,
1990.  165 p.
HV6789.I47 1990
  "Presents opposing viewpoints on the increasing problem of inner-city
violence, discussing such aspects as drugs, violence against women, gays, and
the elderly, and gangs."

Jensen, Gary F.  Rojek, Dean G.
 Delinquency and youth crime.  2nd ed.  Prospect Heights, Ill., Waveland
Press, 1992.  532 p. HV9069.J46 1992
  "Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of `scientific research' for
more than half a century and this text attempts to capture and summarize the
best of that research and to organize it in a manner that gives students a
comprehensive understanding of delinquency and juvenile justice."

 Juvenile delinquency: classic and contemporary readings.  Edited by William
E. Thompson and Jack E. Bynum.  Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1991.  619 p.
HV9069.J794 1991
  Partial contents.--Classic book synopsis 1: Task force report: juvenile
delinquency and youth crime.--Juvenile crime: the offenders are younger and
the offenses more serious, by Peter Applebome and "Letter to the Editor,"
Barry Krisberg.--Classic book synopsis 2: Causes of delinquency, by Travis
Hirschi.--An empirical test of Hirschi's control theory of delinquency, by
William E. Thompson, Jim Mitchell, and Richard A. Dodder.--Classic book
synopsis 5: Radical non-intervention: rethinking the delinquency problem, by
Edwin M. Schur.--Girls in jail, by Meda Chesney-Lind.

 Juvenile delinquency: historical, theoretical, and societal reactions to
youth.  Editors, Paul M. Sharp and Barry W. Hancock.  Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
1995.  478 p.
HV9104.J845 1995
  Contents.--History of the legal and social definitions of juvenile
delinquency.--Theories of juvenile delinquency.--The social context of
juvenile delinquency.--Institutional responses to juvenile delinquency.--
Juvenile delinquency and public policy.

 Juvenile homicide.  Edited by Elissa P. Benedek and Dewey G. Cornell.
Washington, American Psychiatric Press, 1989.  247 p.  (The Clinical practice
series, no. 7)
RJ506.H65J88 1989
Kinnear, Karen L.
 Violent children: a reference handbook.  Santa Barbara, Calif., ABC-CLIO,
1995.  251 p.  (Contemporary world issues) HQ784.V55K56 1995

Lacayo, Richard.
 Law and order.  Time, v. 147, Jan. 15, 1996: 48-56.
  "Crime rates are down across the U.S.--some dramatically.  Is this a blip or
a trend? With so many factors in play, it may be a bit of both."   Includes a
related  article, by Eric Pooley, One good apple, about "Police Commissioner
William Bratton [in New York City who] set out to prove that cops really can
cut crime.  The experts scoffed--but felony rates have dropped so far, so
fast, that no other explanation makes sense."

 Mainstreaming retardation delinquency.  Edited by Richard S. Greene.
Lancaster, Pa., Technomic Pub. Co., 1991.  205 p. HV9081.M35 1991
  Partial contents.--Mental retardation and delinquency, by Mark E. Wallace
and Stephen B. Billick.--An examination of the relationship between IQ and
delinquency, by Elizabeth Kandel.--Corrections and the learning disabled
offender, by Carolyn Gerlock Grande.--The least restrictive environment
principle and the care and education of handicapped youth, by Kenneth J.
Graves and Elizabeth Hart.--P.L. 94-142 and the retarded delinquent, by
Richard S. Greene.--Learning disability and giftedness as potential
contributing factors to double homicide by youth: explanation and prevention
of future tragedies, by Kathleen M. Heide and August J. Mauser.

Melville, Keith.
 Kids who commit crimes: what should be done about juvenile violence?
Regular ed.  Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1994.  24 p.  (National
issues forums)
HV9104.M44 1994
  Contents.--Crime time: a plague of juvenile violence.--Choice #1:
Deterrence effect: getting tougher with young criminals.--Choice #2: Moral
messages: cultural confusion and media pollution.--Choice #3: Risk factors:
attacking juvenile crime at its roots.--Special session on crime: agenda for
public action.

 Pennsylvania.  General Assembly.  Joint State Government Commission.
 The cost of juvenile violence in Pennsylvania: staff report to the Task
Force to study the issues surrounding violence as a public health concern.
[Harrisburg] The Commission [1995]  107 p. HV9105.P2P35 1995
  A statistical "examination of the major costs of juvenile violence.
Various elements of the cost associated with the victims and perpetrators
of juvenile violence, as well as the prevention of juvenile violence, are
identified; separate computations or estimates of these major cost elements
are made.  Where possible, the urban and rural dimensions of the cost of
juvenile violence are separated and analyzed."

Regoli, Robert M.  Hewitt, John D.
 Delinquency in society: a child-centered approach.  2nd ed.  New York,
McGraw-Hill, 1994.  500 p. HV9104.R43 1994

Sheley, Joseph F.  Wright, James D.
 In the line of fire: youths, guns, and violence in urban America.  New York,
A. de Gruyter, 1995.  180 p. HV9104.I48 1995
  Partial contents.--Guns and violence as an urban problem.--Gun possession:
crime, status, or protection.--Youth, drugs, and guns.--Youth, gangs, and
guns.--Kids, guns, and violence: conclusions and implications.

Snyder, Howard N.  Sickmund, Melissa.
 Juvenile offenders and victims: a national report.  Washington, U.S. Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1995.  188 p.
  "Pulls together the most requested information on juveniles and the juvenile
justice system . . . .  The report presents important, and at times complex,
information using clear, nontechnical writing and easy-to-understand graphs
and tables.  It is designed as a series of briefing papers on specific topics
. . . .  After more than a decade of relative stability, the juvenile violent
crime arrest rate soared between 1988 and 1992 . . . .  If trends continue as
they have over the past 10 years, juvenile arrests for violent crime will
double by the year 2010."  Research is updated in Juvenile offenders and
victims: 1996 update on violence, published Feb. 1996.

 The Sociology of juvenile delinquency.  Edited by Ronald J. Berger.  2nd ed.
Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1996.  506 p. HV9104.S735 1996
  Partial contents.--Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban
youth.--Delinquents' perspectives on the role of the victim.--Social learning
theory, drug use, and American Indian youth: a cross-cultural test.--School
bonding, race, and delinquency.--No place to hide: a story of runaways.--
Conclusion: the politics of juvenile justice and future directions.

Violent crime.  Police chief, v. 60, Sept. 1993: 12, 14, 18, 21-31.
  Partial contents.--A comprehensive program to combat violent crime: the
Savannah experience, by Michael E. Donahue.--Florida's violent crime problem,
by James T. Moore.--Code 6: a joint effort to fight violent crime, by Vincent
P. Lamia.

 Violent crime in America.  U.S. news & world report, v. 116, Jan. 17, 1994:
22-24, 26-27, 30, 32-33, 36-42.
  Partial contents.--Violence in America, by Ted Gest.--A generation of stone
killers, by Scott Minerbrook.--Cost of crime: $674 billion.--Killer profits
from deadly bullets, by Don L. Boroughs.

 Voices from the future: our children tell us about violence in America.  By
Children's express; edited by Susan Goodwillie.  1st ed.  New York, Crown
Publishers, Random House, Inc., 1993.  254 p. HQ784.V55V65 1993

Wright, James D.  Sheley, Joseph F.  Smith, M. Dwayne.
 Kids, guns, and killing fields.  Society, v. 30, Nov.-Dec. 1992: 84-89.
  "We have undertaken extensive surveys [the four states where we did the
research were California, Louisiana, Illinois, and New Jersey] concerning
firearms and firearms behaviors among two groups of youth: 835 criminally
active youth (all males, mostly from large cities) currently serving time in
six maximum-security juvenile corrections facilities in four states, and 1,653
students (males and females) in ten inner-city public high schools in five
large cities near the six correctional facilities."

The Young desperados.  USA today (magazine), v. 122, Jan. 1994: 24-38.
  Partial contents.--American killers are getting younger, by James Alan Fox
and Glenn Pierce.--Society confronts the hard-core youthful offender, by
Russell Eisenman.--Gangs, guns, and school violence, by Ronald D. Stephens.--
America's schools confront violence, by James E. Booth, Leo H. Bradley, T.
Michael Flick, Katherine E. Keough, and Susanne P. Kirk.--How to save our
children, by Janet Reno.--Curbing youth violence, by Richard W. Riley.

 Youth violence.  Michael D. Biskup and Charles P. Cozic, book editors.  San
Diego, Calif., Greenhaven Press, 1992.  263 p.  (Current controversies)
HV9104.Y6855 1992
  Partial contents.--Is youth volence a serious problem?  Yes: youth violence
is a serious problem; No: youth violence is not a serious problem.--What
causes youth violence?.--What measures can reduce youth violence?.--How can
gang violence be reduced?.--Should violent youths receive harsh punishment?
Yes: violent youths should be punished harshly; No: violent youths should not
be punished harshly.

         II.  CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND VIOLENCE

Agnew, Robert.
 The origins of delinquent events: an examination of offender accounts.
Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 27, Aug. 1990: 267-294.
  "Data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents are used to
examine the explanations delinquents offer for engaging in 14 different
offenses.  Property crimes are committed primarily for self-
gratification/pleasure and utilitarian need.  Violent crimes are committed
primarily for retaliation/revenge.  Drug offenses are committed primarily
because of social pressure, with self-gratification/pleasure also an important
reason.  With isolated exceptions, these findings hold for less and more
serious crimes and across a variety of subgroups."

Ayers, Edward L.
 Legacy of violence.  American heritage, v. 42, Oct. 1991: 102-109.
  "Sociologists continue to be vexed by the pathology of urban violence: why
is it so random, so fierce, so easily triggered?  One answer may be found in
our Southern past."  The author sees a centuries-long Southern fixation with
"honor" now perpetuated mostly by lower-class whites and lower-class Blacks,
even in cities far removed from the South.

 Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a prospective
study.  American journal of psychiatry, v. 142, Oct. 1985: 1161-1167.
  "Document[s] the childhood neuropsychiatric and family characteristics of
nine male subjects who were clinically evaluated as adolescents and were later
arrested for murder.  Those subjects are compared with 24 incarcerated
delinquents who did not go on to commit violent offenses.  The future
murderers displayed a constellation of biopsychosical characteristics that
included psychotic symptoms, major neurological impairment, a psychotic first-
degree relative, violent acts during childhood, and severe physical abuse.
The authors relate this combination of factors to prediction of violence and
discuss ethical issues that are involved in intervention to prevent violence."

Buka, Stephen.
 Early determinants of delinquency and violence.  Health affairs, v. 12,
winter 1993: 46-64.
  "This paper reviews established risk factors for later delinquency and
violence that are present prior to school age.

Case, Anne C.  Katz, Lawrence F.
 The company you keep: the effects of family and neighborhood on disadvantaged
youths.  Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Institute of Economic Research,
1991.  28 p.  (Discussion paper no. 1555, May 1991)
  "Residence in a neighborhood in which a large proportion of other youths are
involved in crime is associated with a substantial increase in an individual's
probability of being involved in crime.  Significant neighborhood peer effects
are also apparent for drug and alcohol use, church attendance, and the
propensity of youths to be out of school and out of work.  Our results
indicate that family and peer influences both operate in manner such that
`like begets like.'"

Drennon-Gala, Don.
 Delinquency and high school dropouts: reconsidering social correlates.
Lanham, Md., University Press of America, 1995.  156 p. HV9104.D74 1995
  "Theoretical concepts that explain the propensities toward delinquent
behavior and disengagement in education are discussed in a comprehensive
fashion."

Ellis, Lee.
 Monoamine oxidase and criminality: identifying an apparent biological marker
for antisocial behavior.  Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 28,
May 1991: 227-251.
  "After describing how monoamine oxidase (MAO) appears to affect brain
functioning, and how the activity of this enzyme, in turn, seems to be
influenced by hormonal and genetic factors, studies are reviewed which link
low MAO activity with high probabilities of criminality, psychopathy,
childhood conduct disorders, as well as with sensation seeking, impulsivity,
and drug abuse (especially alcoholism)."

Felthous, Alan R.  Kellert, Stephen R.
 Childhood cruelty to animals and later aggression against people: a review.
American journal of psychiatry, v. 144, June 1987: 710-717.
  Suggests that "literature on the relationship between childhood cruelty to
animals and later violence against people appears to be inconsistent."  Finds
that recurrence of violence or aggression shows cause for early intervention
and possible crime prevention.

Freeman, Richard B.
 Crime and the employment of disadvantaged youths.  Cambridge, Mass., National
Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.  40 p.
  "This paper examines the magnitude of criminal activity among disadvantaged
youths in the 1980s.  It shows that a large proportion of youths who dropped
out of high school, particularly black school dropouts, developed criminal
records in the decade; and that those who were incarcerated in 1980 or earlier
were much less likely to hold jobs than other youths over the entire decade.
The magnitudes of incarceration, probation, and parole among black dropouts,
in particular, suggest that  crime has become an intrinsic part of the youth
unemployment and poverty problem, rather than deviant behavior on the margin.
Limited evidence on the returns to crime suggest that with the decline in
earnings and employment for less educated young men, crime offers an
increasingly attractive alternative."

Friday, Jennifer C.
 The psychological impact of violence in underserved communities.  Journal of
health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, Oct. 1995: 403-409.
  "There is striking evidence that violence has a psychological impact on
children and young adults in the United States, particularly those in
underserved communities.  Homicide is the second leading cause of death of all
persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years and is the leading cause among
African American youth.  In 1990, more young African American men died from
homicides than from all natural causes combined.  Research indicates a number
of factors that can predispose children to a lifetime of violence and criminal
activity, including poverty, substance abuse, poor parenting skills, placement
outside the home, and improper peer interaction."

Gottfredson, Denise C.  McNeil, Richard J.  Gottfredson, Gary D.
 Social area influences on delinquency: a multilevel analysis.  Journal of
research in crime and delinquency, v. 28, May 1991: 197-226.
  "One research tradition in criminology has focused on the distribution of
crime rates among social areas, and a second tradition has examined the
distribution of crime among individuals.  Rarely are both traditions combined
in a single study.  This study explores social area influences on the
delinquent behavior of 3,729 adolescents who are clustered within diverse
social areas.  The research examines mechanisms through which the
characteristics of social areas--measured independently of the characteristics
of the individuals--contribute to the explanation of individual delinquent
behavior."

Heide, Kathleen M.
 Why kids kill parents.  Psychology today, v. 25, Sept.-Oct. 1992: 62-66,
76-77.
  The author argues that "a legacy of child abuse leads to homicide . . . .
These are neglected and abused children whose options are limited--children
who honestly think they have no other way out."

Herrnstein, Richard J.  Wilson, James Q.
 Are criminals made or born?  New York times magazine, Aug. 4, 1985: 30-32,
43, 46.
  "Evidence indicates that both biological and sociological factors play
roles."

Hull, Jon D.
 A boy and his gun.  Time, v. 142, Aug. 2, 1993: 20-27.
  "Even in a town like Omaha, Nebraska, the young are packing weapons in a
deadly battle against fear and boredom."

Jefferson, Terry W.  Johnson, James H.
 The relationship of hyperactivity and sensation seeking to delinquency
subtypes.  Criminal justice and behavior, v. 18, June 1991: 195-201.
  "This study separated juvenile delinquents into three personality subtypes
and tested the relationship among these three groups with regard to
stimulation seeking and a prior history of hyperactivity."

Kruttschnitt, Candace.  Dornfeld, Maude.
 Childhood victimization, race, and violent crime.  Criminal justice and
behavior, v. 18, Dec. 1991: 448-463.
  "This study employed a logit analysis with retrospective self-report data to
assess the importance of three types of childhood victimization experiences--
physical abuse, spouse abuse, and emotional neglect--to the commission of
violent crimes as a young adult.  The exploratory model is based on data
collected on 100 male inmates incarcerated [in Minnesota] for crimes of
violence and 65 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and
neighborhood.  Findings from the analyses, estimated separately for Blacks and
Whites, indicated that the childhood experiences associated with violent crime
differed for Blacks and Whites and that the model fit the experiences of
Blacks better than those of Whites."

Naison, Mark.
 Outlaw culture and Black neighborhoods.  Reconstruction, v. 4, no. 4, 1992:
128-131.
  "An `outlaw culture' has emerged among low-income Black youth that has
rejected African-American communal norms in favor of the predatory
individualism of the capitalist marketplace.  These youngsters, living in
neighborhoods bereft of resources and hope, have embraced a doctrine of `might
makes right' that converts everyone into a potential victim."

 Neuropsychiatric, psychoeducational, and family characteristics of 14
juveniles condemned to death in the United States.  American journal of
psychiatry, v. 145, May 1988: 584-589.
  "The purpose of this paper is twofold: to describe the biopsychosocial
characteristics of 14 juveniles sentenced to death in the United States and to
explore the implications of these findings for imposition of the death penalty
on juveniles."

Pabon, Edward.  Rodriguez, Orlando.  Gurin, Gerald.
 Clarifying peer relations and delinquency.  Youth & society, v. 24, Dec.
1992: 149-165.
  "Data were obtained from the Puerto Rican Adolescent Survey (PRAS), a two-
wave panel data set composed of a sample of Puerto Rican male adolescents
residing in the South Bronx of New York City.  The area is one of the lowest-
income districts in the United States and the area of greatest Puerto Rican
concentration in New York City."

Prothrow-Stith, Deborah.
 Deadly consequences.  With Michaele Weissman.  New York, HarperCollins, 1991.  269 p. HV6250.4.Y68P76 1991

 Reason to hope: a psychosocial perspective on violence & youth.  Edited by Leonard D. Eron, Jacquelyn H. Gentry and Peggy Schlegel.  1st ed.  Washington, Amer
  Partial contents.--Experience of violence: ethnic groups.--Experience of violence: vulnerable populations.--Societal influences on youth violence.--Preventiv

Robinson, Brenda J.  Smith, Shelly L.
 When home's not sweet.  State legislatures, v. 21, June 1995: 32-33, 35, 37.
  "A just-released study, funded by the federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), followed 1,000 seventh- and eighth-grade Rochest

Roth, Jeffrey A.
 Understanding and preventing violence.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1994.  11 p.  (Research in brief)
  "NCJ 145645"
  "Violence is a pervasive national problem, more serious in the United States than in the rest of the industrialized world, and especially serious for males w

Royal, Marcella.
 Youth crime/violence and the cause.  [Monroe, Wash., Barrons, 1994]  187 p.
HV9104.R69 1994
  Partial contents.--The real reason for crime.--The many causes of crime dispelled.--The moral values we must teach.--Yesterday's parents taught obedience.--Y

Schwartz, Ira M.  Rendon, Jose A.  Hsieh, Chang-Ming.
 Is child maltreatment a leading cause of delinquency?  Child welfare, v. 73, Sept.-Oct. 1994: 639-655.
  "This article explores the assumption that child maltreatment is a major cause of juvenile delinquency.  Although this relationship is widely accepted as fac

Sheline, Jonathan L.  Skipper, Betty J.  Broadhead, W. Eugene.
 Risk factors for violent behavior in elementary school boys: have you hugged your child today?  American journal of public health, v. 84, Apr. 1994: 661-663.
  "Seventeen Hispanic elementary schoolboys with violent behavior problems were compared with 27 matched control students who were not overtly violent at schoo

Sommers, Ira.  Baskin, Deborah R.
 Factors related to female adolescent initiation into violent street crime.   Youth & society, v. 25, June 1994: 468-489.
  "The present study is concerned with understanding when and how adolescent girls become involved in violent street crime.  Specifically, the study explores t

 A Symposium on the causes and correlates of juvenile delinquency.  Journal of criminal law and criminology, v. 82, spring 1991: 1-242.
  Partial contents.--Testing interactional theory: an examination of reciprocal causal relationships among family, school, and deliquency, by Terence P. Thornb

Tonry, Michael H.  Ohlin, L.E.  Farrington, D.P.
 Human development and criminal behavior: new ways of advancing knowledge.  New York, Springer-Verlag, 1991.  223 p. HV6789.T66 1991
  The Program on Human Development and Criminal Behavior (the "Program") has developed a sophisticated, interdisciplinary, and intellectually ambitious agenda

Toufexis, Anastasia.
 Our violent kids.  Time, v. 133, June 12, 1989: 52-55, 57-58.
  Chronicles the rise in brutal crimes by American youth.  Author looks for causes in drug use, family violence, poverty, absentee parents, and other contempor

-----
 Seeking the roots of violence.  Time, v. 141, Apr. 19, 1993: 52-53.
  "Critics from the social sciences have denounced biological research efforts as intellectually unjustified and politically motivated.   African-American scho

Tygart, C. E.
 Juvenile delinquency and number of children in a family: some empirical and theoretical updates.  Youth & society, v. 22, June 1991: 525-536.
  "The general analytical model is that increased family size brings about decreased family influences that lead to greater peer group influences and ultimatel

 Understanding troubled and troubling youth: multiple perspectives.  Edited by Peter E. Leone.  Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications, 1990.  317 p.  (Sage f

Walker, Robert N.
 Psychology of the youthful offender.  3rd ed.  Springfield, Ill., C.C. Thomas, 1995.  119 p. HV9104.W355 1995
  "In the following chapters we will explore the aspects of inherited tendencies, environmental shaping, and the social factors which ultimately result in the

Walsh, Anthony.
 Intellectual imbalance, love deprivation, and violent delinquency: a biosocial perspective.  Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, 1991.  220 p. HV9069.W3 199
  "The primary purpose of this book is to bring evidence from the biological sciences and neurosciences to bear on the problem of violent delinquency."

Widom, Cathy Spatz.
 The cycle of violence.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1992.  5 p.
  "NCJ 136607"
  "In one of the most detailed studies of the issue to date, research sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) found that childhood abuse increased

-----
 Victims of childhood sexual abuse--later criminal consequences.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1995.  7 p.  (Research in brief)
  "NCJ 151525"
  "Previous research established evidence for a 'cycle of violence': people who were abused and neglected in childhood are more likely than those who were not

Wright, Kevin N.  Wright, Karen E.
 Family life, delinquency, and crime: a policymaker's guide.  Washington, U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1994.  65 p.
  "This report advances our understanding of the significant effects of family life on delinquency and crime.  It describes how positive parental involvement d

Wright, Robert.
 The biology of violence.  New Yorker, v. 71, Mar. 13, 1995: 68-77.
  "Is inner-city violence a response to the social ravages of poverty, or a biochemical syndrome that may be remedied with drugs?  Fallout from that debate der

               III.  ADMINISTRATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE

 A.  GENERAL

Albanese, Jay S.
 Dealing with delinquency: the future of juvenile justice.  2nd ed.  Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1993.  216 p. HV9104.A73 1993
  Partial contents.--Are juveniles becoming more delinquent?--Due process for juveniles.--Criminal procedure for juveniles.--New constitutional issues for juve

Bernard, Thomas J.
 The cycle of juvenile justice.  New York, Oxford University Press, 1992.  195 p.
HV9065.B47 1992
  Partial contents.--What stays the same in history?--The origin of juvenile delinquency.--The origin of juvenile justice--the first juvenile institution.--The

Bishop, Donna M.  Frazier, Charles E.
 Gender bias in juvenile justice processing: implications of the JJDP Act.  Journal of criminal law & criminology, v. 82, winter 1992: 1162-1186.
  "This study examines the effects that the reform initiatives mandated by the JJDP Act have had on the juvenile justice system to determine whether the system

Champion, Dean J.
 The juvenile justice system: delinquency, processing, and the law.  New York, Macmillan Pub. Co, 1992.  602 p. KF9779.C425 1992
  Partial contents.--Juvenile delinquency: the problem and its measurement.--The juvenile justice system: detection and control.--The juvenile justice system:

Chemers, Betty M.
 Bridging the child welfare and juvenile justice systems.  Juvenile justice bulletin, June 1995: whole issue (3 p.)
  "NCJ 152155"
  "We have suggested immediate steps for potential collaboration/coordination between key OJJDP [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention] and ACY

Chesney-Lind, Meda.  Shelden, Randall G.
 Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice.  Pacific Grove, Calif., Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1992.  249 p. HV9104.C39 1991
  "Two central themes emerge from the research.  The first is the juvenile justice system's sexual double standard, which views girls very much as commodities

Cox, Steven M.  Conrad, John J.
 Juvenile justice: a guide to practice and theory.  4th ed.  Madison, Brown & Benchmark, 1996.  296 p. HV9104.C63 1996
  Partial contents.--Defining and measuring offenses by and against juveniles.--Characteristics of juvenile offenders.--Theories of causation.--Juvenile justic

Dormont, David.
 For the good of the adult: an examination of the constitutionality of using prior juvenile adjudications to enhance adult sentences.  Minnesota law review, v.
  Article argues that enhancement of adult convictions under the United States Sentencing Guidelines "is unconstitutional.  Juveniles are denied a jury trial r

English, Tom.
 Improving juvenile justice at the local level.  Washington, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention [1990]  5 p.  ((NCJ 125549))
  "This Bulletin describes the steps one State has taken to improve its juvenile justice system at the local level.  Oregon combined legislation, coordination,

Gewerth, Kenneth E.  Dorne, Clifford K.
 Imposing the death penalty on juvenile murderers: a constitutional assessment.  Judicature, v. 75, June-July 1991: 6-15.
  Article comments that "the Supreme Court has long struggled to find an objective and logical answer to the question of whether juvenile offenders should be s

Glazer, Sarah.
 Juvenile justice.  CQ researcher, v. 4, Feb. 25, 1994: p. 169-192.
  Although the number of juveniles arrested for violent crimes increased by 50 percent from 1987 to 1991, many fear that "harsher penalties for violent youths"

Joseph, Janice.
 Black youths, delinquency, and juvenile justice.  Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1995.  213 p. HV9104.J67 1995
  Partial contents.--Black youths and American society.--Black youths and delinquency.--Explanatory approaches to delinquency.--Police and Black youths.--Black

 Juvenile delinquency: a justice perspecive.  [Edited by] Ralph A. Weisheit and Robert G. Culbertson.  3rd ed.  Prospect Heights, Ill., Waveland Press, 1995.
HV9104.J84 1995

 Juvenile justice and public policy: toward a national agenda.  Edited by Ira M. Schwartz.  New York, Maxwell Macmillan International, 1992.  271 p. HV9104.J86
  Partial contents.--Juvenile diversion: the ongoing search for alternatives, by Mark Ezell.--Prosecutors and juvenile justice: new roles and perspectives, by

Kenney, John Paul.  Fuller, Donald E.  Barry, Robert J.
 Police work with juveniles and the administration of juvenile justice.  8th ed.  Springfiled, Ill., C.C. Thomas, 1995.  326 p. HV8079.25.P64 1995
  "Highlights the police role and functions with interrelationships between community agencies, the courts and correctional agencies emphasized . . . .  In thi

Krisberg, Barry.  Austin, James F.
 Reinventing juvenile justice.  Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications, 1993.  212 p.
HV9104.K75 1993
  Partial contents.--History of the control and prevention of juvenile delinquency in the United States.--The contemporary juvenile justice system: its structu

 Managing delinquency programs that work.  Barry Glick and Arnold P. Goldstein, editors.  Laurel, Md., American Correctional Association, 1995.  374 p. HV9104.
  Partial contents.--Managing program development.--Managing program administration.--Managing program training and evaluation.--Managing system issues.

Martin, D. Ross.
 Conspiratorial children? The intersection of the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Federal conspiracy law.  Boston University law review, v. 74, Nov. 1994:
  "Part I of this [Comment] reviews the statutory provisions that address FJDA [Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act] applicability.  Part II examines several case

 Minorities in juvenile justice.  Edited by Kimberly Kemf Leonard, Carl E. Pope, and William Feyerherm.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage Publications, 1995.  242 p
HV9104.M57 1995
  Partial contents.--The social context of juvenile justice administration: racial disparities in an urban juvenile court, by Barry C. Feld.--The role of race

 The New juvenile justice.  Edited by Martin L. Forst.  Chicago, Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1995.  335 p. HV9104.F655 1995
  Partial contents.--Due process and procedural protections.--The changing philosophy of juvenile justice.--Juvenile sentencing policy.--Transfer of juveniles

Pope, Carl E.
 Juvenile justice in the next millennium.  In Crime and justice in the year 2010.  Edited by John Klofas and Stan Stojkovic.  Belmont, Calif., Wadsworth Publis
  "Author surveys the relevant aspects of juvenile justice's future and suggests that the system will be both similar and dissimilar to the existing system, wi

Reno, Janet.
 A national agenda for children: on the front lines with Attorney General Janet Reno.  Juvenile justice, v. 1, fall-winter 1993: 2-8.
  The U.S. Attorney General describes the outlines of a National Agenda for Children and how it would affect children in the justice system.

Schwartz, Ira M.  Guo, Shenyang.  Kerbs, John J.
 The impact of demographic variables on public opinion regarding juvenile justice: implications for public policy.  Crime & delinquency, v. 39, Jan. 1993: 5-28
  "Examines data from a 1991 national public opinion survey on attitudes toward juvenile crime/justice."  The study "was designed to explore whether selected d

Streib, Victor L.
 Death penalty for juveniles.  Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1987.  256 p.
KF9227.C2S77 1987
  "This book explores a variety of perspectives on the American experience with juvenile death sentences and executions.  Part I focuses on the fundamental iss

Suarez, Kathryn E.
 Teenage dating violence: the need for expanded awareness and legislation.  California law review, v. 82, Mar. 1994: 423-471.
  Comment argues that "the same legal protection now available to adult victims should be made available to teenagers.  At present, most domestic violence stat

Suffredini, Brian R.
 Juvenile gunslingers: a place for punitive philosophy in rehabilitative juvenile justice.  Boston College law review, v. 35, July 1994: 885-925.
  "This Note provides an overview of the recent wave of legislative bans on juvenile firearm possession and argues that these measures, if properly conceived,

Sullivan, Michele D.
 From Warren to Rehnquist: the growing conservative trend in the Supreme Court's treatment of children.  St. John's law review, v. 65, autumn 1991: 1139-1161.
  "This [comment] will discuss the Supreme Court's treatment of children's rights, focusing primarily on decisions relating to juvenile delinquents, a minor's

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice.
 Treatment of juveniles in the criminal justice system.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  July 14, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  168 p.
  "Serial no. 85"

U.S.  Dept. of Justice.  Office of the Attorney General.
 Combating violent crime: 24 recommendations to strengthen criminal justice.   Washington, The Office, 1992.  59 p.
  Presents "recommendations for state criminal justice systems.  These recommendations [include] . . . . providing for effective deterrence and punishment of j

 B.  JUVENILE COURTS

Butts, Jeffrey A.
 Offenders in juvenile court, 1992.  Juvenile justice bulletin, Oct. 1994: whole issue.  11 p.
  "NCJ 150039"
  "This update profiles the nearly one and one-half million delinquency cases handled by juvenile courts in 1992."

 A Call for justice: an assessment of access to counsel and quality of representation in delinquency proceedings.  Washington, American Bar Association, 1996.
  "This report is a national assessment of the current state of representation of youth in juvenile court and an evaluation of training, support, and other nee

Champion, Dean J.  Mays, G. Larry.
 Transferring juveniles to criminal courts: trends and implications for criminal justice.  New York, Praeger, 1991.  191 p. KF9794.C48 1991
  Partial contents.--Transfer hearings: State variations.--Implications of transfers for juvenile offenders.--Criminal court and juvenile offender dispositions

Collins, Jessica.
 Trial by a jury of teen peers.  Insight (Washington times), v. 8, June 21, 1992: 12-16, 30.
  "No ordinary judicial proceeding, Teen Court is an alternative for teenagers who run afoul of the law.  From its inception in Texas, the idea of letting yout

Feld, Barry C.
 Violent youth and public policy: a case study of juvenile justice law reform.  Minnesota law review, v. 79, May 1995: 965-1128.
  This article "provides a detailed case study of juvenile and criminal courts' converging responses to serious young offenders [in Minnesota].  Hopefully this

Freitas, Sarah.
 Extending the privilege against self-incrimination to the juvenile waiver hearing. University of Chicago law review, v. 62, winter 1995: 301-329.
  "This Comment examines whether the privilege against self-incrimination should extend to the juvenile waiver hearing to prohibit the use of coerced or involu

Guttman, Catherine R.
 Listen to the children: the decision to transfer juveniles to adult court.  Harvard civil rights-civil liberties law review, v. 30, summer 1995: 507-542.
  Comment "examines the legal and policy implications of the recent wave of juvenile transfer laws.  It advocates that juveniles be individually assessed by th

Hafen, Jonathan O.
 Children's rights and legal representation--the proper roles of children, parents, and attorneys.  Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy, v. 7, no
  "Article argues that the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, as the best vehicle for defining the attorney-client relationship, should be revised to provide

Humes, Edward.
 No matter how loud I shout: a year in the life of juvenile court.  New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996.  399 p. HV9105.C2H85 1996
  A newspaper reporter's account of Los Angeles' juvenile court.  The author interviewed prosecutors, defense attorneys, probation officers, social workers, po

Jensen, Eric L.  Metsger, Linda K.
 A test of the deterrent effect of legislative waiver on violent juvenile crime.  Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Jan. 1994: 96-104.
  "The automatic transfer of juveniles charged with serious crimes to adult court has become an increasingly common alternative to juvenile court handling in a
 Juvenile justice: should 13-year-olds who commit crimes with firearms be tried as adults? American Bar Association journal, v. 80, Mar. 1994: 46-47.
  Authors debate the merits of a provision added to the Senate's version of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (S. 1607).

Lemov, Penelope.
 The assault on juvenile justice.  Governing, v. 8, Dec. 1994: 26-31.
  "Treating youthful offenders as adults is clearly good politics.  Is it good social policy?"

McGarrell, Edmund F.
 Trends in racial disproportionality in juvenile court processing: 1985-1989.  Crime & delinquency, v. 39, Jan. 1993: 29-48.
  "This study examined data on juvenile court processing of White and non-White youths in a sample of 159 counties.  The findings indicated that non-White yout

Riley, Michael.
 Corridors of agony.  Time, v. 139, Jan. 27, 1992: 48-51, 54-55.
  "A rare look inside [Baltimore's] juvenile court reveals a system waging a thankless struggle to save society's lost children."

Rosenberg, Irene Merker.
 Leaving bad enough alone: a response to the juvenile court abolitionists.  Wisconsin law review, v. 1993, no. 1, 1993: 163-185.
  "While conceding that minors receive diminished constitutional protection and minimal treatment in the juvenile court system, Professor Rosenberg contends th

Sanborn, Joseph B., Jr.
 Certification to criminal court: the important policy questions of how, when, and why. Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Apr. 1994: 262-281.
  "The confusion centers primarily around three vital aspects of certification: how transfer should occur; when transfer should take place; and, relatedly, why

-----
 Constitutional problems of juvenile delinquency trials.  Judicature, v. 78, Sept.-Oct. 1994: 81-88.
  "Double jeopardy and due process violations occur when judges review the verdict recommendations of masters who conduct juvenile delinquency trials."

-----
 The right to a public jury trial: a need for today's juvenile court.  Judicature, v. 76, Feb.-Mar. 1993: 230-238.
  "In a significant number of cases, juvenile courts are treating defendants similarly to adult criminals.  The Supreme Court, therefore, should extend the Six

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice. Juvenile courts: access to justice.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd ses
  "Serial no. J-102-53"

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Juvenile justice: juveniles processed in criminal court and case dispositions; report to congressional requesters.  Aug. 15, 1995.  Washington, G.A.O., 1995.
  Provides "data on (1) the frequency with which juveniles have been sent to criminal court, (2) the juvenile conviction rates and sentences in criminal court,

-----
 Juvenile justice: representation rates varied as did counsel's impact on court outcomes; report to the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, and the Commit
  "GAO/GGD-95-139, B-259801"
  Reviews "state laws for 15 states that we selected to determine juveniles' right to counsel, determine the frequency with which juveniles have counsel in juv

  C.  JUVENILE CORRECTIONS, JUVENILE DETENTION, JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS, JUVENILE PAROLE, AND JUVENILE PROBATION

American Correctional Association.
 Standards for juvenile community residential facilities.  In cooperation with the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections.  3rd ed.  Laurel, Md., The Asso

-----
 Standards for juvenile day treatment programs.  With the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections.  1st ed.  Laurel, Md., The Association, 1993.  240 p.
HV9104.A775 1993

-----
 Standards for juvenile detention facilities.  With the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections.  3rd ed.  Laurel., Md., The Association, 1991.  146 p.
HV9104.A775 1991b

-----
 Standards for juvenile training schools.  In cooperation with the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections.  3rd ed.  Laurel, Md.,  The Association, 1991.
HV9104.A775 1991a

Barton, William H.  Butts, Jeffrey A.
 Viable options: intensive supervision programs for juvenile delinquents.  Crime & delinquency, v. 36, Apr. 1990: 238-256.
  "The Wayne County Juvenile Court in Detroit, Michigan, recently developed and evaluated three in-home, intensive supervision programs as alternatives to comm

Bazemore, Gordon.  Dicker, Todd J.  Nyhan, Ron.
 Juvenile justice reform and the difference it makes: an exploratory study of the impact of policy change on detention worker attitudes.  Crime & delinquency,
  "Few studies have examined the impact of criminal justice reforms on staff attitudes.  This article compares several dimensions of staff attitudes in two sim

Chung, Kristina H.
 Kids behind bars: the legality of incarcerating juveniles in adult jails.  Indiana law journal, v. 66, fall 1991: 999-1029.
  "This [Comment] will analyze the constitutional, statutory and civil wrongs involved with the incarceration of juveniles in adult prisons which obstruct the

Curriden, Mark.
 Hard times for bad kids.  American Bar Association journal, v. 81, Feb. 1995: 66-69.
  "Numbed by teen-age killers and unable to rehabilitate youthful offenders, the juvenile justice system is turning to get-tough measures to halt a new generat

Gest, Ted.
 Crime time bomb.  U.S. news & world report, v. 120, Mar. 25, 1996: 28-30, 32, 36-39.
  "Rising juvenile crime, and predictions that it is going to get worse, are prodding cities, states and Congress to seek a balance between tougher laws and pr

Gold, Martin.  Asgood, D. Wayne.
 Personality and peer influence in juvenile corrections.  Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1992.  230 p. HV9105.M5G65 1992
  "A report of the findings of continuing research on over 300 youth who were remanded to medium security institutions because of their delinquent behavior.  W

 Hard time, healing hands: developing primary health care services for incarcerated youth.  Edited by Linda S. Thompson and James A. Farrow.  Arlington, Va., N
  Partial contents.--Heath status and health care issues, by Linda S. Thompson.--Legal issues, by Michael J. Dale.--Mental health, by Janice Hutchinson.--Finan

Heard, Chinita A.
 The preliminary development of the probation mentor home program: a community-based model.  Federal probation, v. 54, Dec. 1990: 51-56.
  "Institutional violence, high rates of recidivism, and strained resources have sparked interest in community-based programs for juvenile offenders.  One such

 Intensive interventions with high-risk youth: promising approaches in juvenile probation and parole.  Edited by Troy L. Armstrong.  Monsey, N.Y., Criminal Jus
  Partial contents.--Variations in "doing" juvenile intensive supervision: programmatic issues in four Ohio jurisdictions, by Richard G. Wiebush and Donna M. H

Macallair, Dan.
 Disposition case advocacy in San Francisco's juvenile justice system: a new approach to deinstitutionalization.  Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Jan. 1994: 84-95.
  "Defense-based case advocates [disposition case advocacy, as described in this study, refers to the efforts of lay persons or nonlegal experts acting on beha

Miller, Jerome G.
 Last one over the wall: the Massachusetts experiment in closing reform schools.  Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1991.  279 p. HV9105.M4M54 1991
  "What follows is about a different kind of deinstitutionalization--different in two crucial ways: (1) the resources followed the inmates to the community, an

 National Center for Juvenile Justice.  Juvenile Probation Officer Initiative Working Group.
 Desktop guide to good juvenile probation practice.  Washington, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1993.  132 p.
  "Part 1 provides a general overview of the juvenile justice system and probation's part in it, Part 2 imparts the 'good practice' philosophies of many juveni

Parent, Dale G.
 Conditions of confinement: juvenile detention and corrections facilities; research report.  Washington, U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention
  Contents.--Introduction to the study.--Study methodology.--Description of juvenile facilities and the confined juvenile population.--Meeting basic needs.--Or

Pennell, Susan.  Curtis, Christine.  Scheck, Dennis C.
 Controlling juvenile delinquency: an evaluation of an interagency strategy.  Crime & delinquency, v. 36, Apr. 1990: 257-275.
  "This article presents the findings of a two-year assessment of the impact of the San Diego County Interagency Agreement upon delinquent behavior.  The goals

 Reforming juvenile detention: no more hidden closets.  Edited by Ira M. Schwartz and William H. Barton.  Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1994.  191 p.
HV9104.R42 1994
  Partial contents.--National trends in juvenile detention, by Ira M. Schwartz and Deborah A. Willis.--Objective juvenile detention criteria: the California ex

Rosenbaum, Jill Leslie.  Prinsky, Lorraine.
 The presumption of influence: recent responses to popular music subcultures.  Crime & delinquency, v. 37, Oct. 1991: 528-535.
  "This article focuses on the juvenile justice system in California and outlines approaches currently taken in response to teenagers who are part of the `punk

Roush, David W.
 Juvenile detention programming.  Federal probation, v. 57, Sept. 1993: 20-33.
  The author "focuses on programming as a critical part of successful juvenile detention.  He defines juvenile detention and programming; explains why programs

Samborn, Hope Viner.
 Kids' crimes can send parents to jail: critics question constitutionality of newly popular parental responsibility laws.  American Bar Association journal, v.
  "Under the laws, parents are being ordered to attend parenting classes, do community service and attend school with their children.  Others are being told to

Thomas, Pierre.
 Next stop: prison; center seeks answers before sending boys to serve time.  Washington post, Mar. 18, 1996: A1, A8.
  "Faced with ever younger and more violent offenders, Ohio Youth Services Department officials decided last spring that they needed a special facility to cond

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Natural Resources.  Subcommittee on Native American Affairs.
 Indian juvenile detention facilities.  Oversight hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session on construction and operation of Indian juvenile detention facilities.  N
  "Serial no. 103-59"

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Juvenile justice: minimal gender bias occurred in processing noncriminal juveniles; report to congressional requesters.  Feb. 28, 1995.  Washington, G.A.O., 1
  "GAO/GGD-95-56, B-259793"
  "Our specific objectives were to (1) compare the outcome of the intake decisions and the frequency and outcomes of detentions, adjudications, and out-of-home

-----
 Noncriminal juveniles: detentions have been reduced but better monitoring is needed; report to congressional committees.  Apr. 24, 1991.  Washington, G.A.O.,
  "GAO/GGD-91-65, B-242305"
  "To what extent are youths under age 18 jailed for things like curfew violations, truancy, possession of alcohol, and running away?  Further, are states that

Wiebush, Richard G.
 Juvenile intensive supervision: the impact on felony offenders diverted from institutional placement.  Crime & delinquency, v. 39, Jan. 1993: 68-89.
  "This article presents the results of a study that examined the 18-month recidivism of juvenile felony offenders who were placed into an intensive supervisio

 D.  PRISON BOOT CAMPS

American Correctional Association.
 Standards for juvenile correctional boot camp programs.  In cooperation with the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections.  Laurel, Md., The Association, 1

Bates, Ralph S.
 How effective are boot camps?  Police chief, v. 62, Aug. 1995: 49-50.
  "What goes wrong?  What works?  Do boot camps do what they are designed to do?  What are they designed to do?  Are they worth the effort in the criminal just

Blau, T. H.  Super, John T.  Wells, C. B.
 Psychological principles promote behavioral change in boot camp.  Police chief, v. 62, Aug. 1995: 37-38, 43-45.
  "This article addresses intervention techniques designed to change the self-awareness of criminal offenders in boot camp settings."

 Boot camps for juvenile offenders: an implementation evaluation of three demonstration programs.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1996.  116 p.
  "In the fall of 1990, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in the U.S. Department of Justice launched a demonstration program to

Fisher, Ian.
 Prison boot camps prove no sure cure.  New York times, Apr. 10, 1994: 37, 43.
  "The paradox for New York State's boot camp program, at a time when many   justice experts and politicians are questioning the value of such boot camps aroun

Keenan, John P.  Ruback, Barry.  Hadley, Judith G.
 Measuring the military atmosphere of boot camps.  Federal probation, v. 58,  Mar. 1994: 67-71.
  "Correctional boot camps are programs characterized by a military atmosphere, that is, by an emphasis on discipline, strict adherence to rules, drills, and p

 A Study of attitudinal change among boot camp participants.  Federal probation, v. 57, Sept. 1993: 46-52.
  "Report on whether participation in the CRIPP (Courts Regimented Intensive Probation Program) boot camp program in Harris Conty, Texas, influenced young felo

U.S. General Accounting Office.
 Prison boot camps: short-term prison costs reduced, but long-term impact uncertain; report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Judicial
  "GAO/GGD-93-69, B-249092"
  "This report describes state and federal boot camp programs and includes data on their costs and impact on prison crowding and recidivism.  The report makes

 E.  REHABILITATION

Bourque, Bair B.  Han, Mei.  Hill, Sarah
 An inventory of aftercare provisions for 52 boot camp programs.  Washington, U.S. Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice [1996]  142 p.  (R

Brunner, Michael S.
 Retarding America: the imprisonment of potential.  Portland, Or., Halcyon House, 1993.  158 p. HV9081.B84 1993
  "Reviews of the research literature provide ample evidence of the link between academic failure and delinquency.  It can also be shown this link is welded to

Butts, Jeffrey A.  Snyder, Howard N.
 Restitution and juvenile recidivism.  Bureau of Justice Statistics OJJDP update on research, Sept. 1992: whole issue (4 p.)
  "NCJ13774"
  "The study shows that for cases involving robbery, assault, burglary, theft, auto theft, and vandalism, recidivism is lower when juveniles agree or are order

 Comprehensive strategy for serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: program summary.  Washington, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preventi
  "The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) has developed a comprehensive strategy for dealing with serious, violent, and chronic juve

Greenwood, Peter W.  Deschenes, Elizabeth Piper.  Adams, John.
 Chronic juvenile offenders: final results from the Skillman aftercare experiment.  Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1993.  74 p.  (Rand MR-220-SKF)
  "Final report on a four-year evaluation of two experimental intensive aftercare programs that were designed to help delinquent youth from Detroit and Pittsbu

Guarino-Ghezzi, Susan.
 Reintegrative police surveillance of juvenile offenders: forging an urban model.  Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Apr. 1994: 131-153.
  "Neither community-based corrections nor community policing is designed to handle serious, repeat offenders who are returning to high-crime neighborhoods.  P

Haghighi, Bahram.  Lopez, Alma.
 Success/failure of group home treatment programs for juveniles.  Federal probation, v. 57, Sept. 1993: 53-58.
  Examines "the success/failure of group home programs in treating and reforming juvenile delinquents, based on a study of juveniles referred to a group home t

Hodges, Jane.  Giuliotti, Nancy.  Porpotage, F. M.
 Improving literacy skills of juvenile detainees.  Washington, U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1994.  5 p.
  "NCJ 150707, October 1994"
  "Designed to teach illiterate youth to read and write, these programs offer a nontraditional, motivational approach that provides students with immediate pos

Kahn, Timothy J. Chambers, Heather J.
 Assessing reoffense risk with juvenile sexual offenders.  Child welfare, v. 70, May-June 1991: 333-345.
  This article summarizes a two-year study of juvenile sexual offenders in Washington.  Both community-based and institution-based treatment programs were eval

Kraus, Richard G.  Shank, John.
 Therapeutic recreation service: principles and practices.  4th ed.  Dubuque, Iowa, W.C. Brown, 1992.  397 p. RM736.7.K7 1992
  Examines the use of recreation therapy to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents.

Leone, Peter E.  Rutherford, Robert B., Jr.  Nelson, C. Michael.
 Special education in juvenile corrections.  Reston, Va., Council for Exceptional Children, 1991.  25 p. HV9104.L36 1991
  Partial contents.--Handicapping conditions among juvenile offenders.--Probable causes for overrepresentation.--Educational services in juvenile corrections.-

Little, Sandra L.
 Research on recreation in correctional settings.  Parks and recreation, v. 30, Feb. 1995: 20, 22, 24-28.
   "Research on recreation in correctional settings remains sparse; in particular, few studies concerning adult and juvenile female offenders exist.  In additi

Schlossman, Steven.  Spillane, Joseph.
 Bright hopes, dim realities: vocational innovation in American correctional education. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corp., 1992.  55 p. HV8883.3.U5S35 1992
  "Supported by the Office of Vocational and Adult Education, U.S. Dept. of Education."
  Partial contents.--History of correctional education.--Zebulon Brockway and the Elmira reformatory.--On progressivism, penal reform, and vocational education

Schneider, Anne L.
 Deterrence and juvenile crime: results from a national policy experiment.  New York, Springer-Verlag, 1990.  127 p. HV9104.S323 1990
  "The purpose of this book is to examine the perceptual mechanisms that link delinquency policy to changes in recidivism, and to seek exlanations for why juve

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on  Human Resources.
 Hearing regarding the Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, report entitled "A comprehensive strategy for serious, vio
  "Serial no. 103-34"

Vance, Mary A.
 Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders: a bibliography.  Monticello, Ill., Vance Bibliographies [1988]  28 p. Z5703.4.J87V35 1988

Wooldredge, John.
 Effectiveness of culturally specific community treatment for African American juvenile felons.  Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Oct. 1994: 589-598.
  "In response to seemingly high recidivism rates among male African American juvenile felons in Cincinnati, a community program was created specifically for t

 Young victims, young offenders: current issues in policy and treatment.  Nathaniel J. Pallone, editor.  New York, Haworth Press, 1994.  237 p. RC560.C46Y68 19
  Partial contents.--Distinguishing characteristics of male and female child sex abusers, by Craig M. Allen and Henry L. Pothast.--Clinical techniques in the t

           IV.  DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION

Beatty, Jack.
 Combating violence.  Foundation news & commentary, v. 35, May-June 1994: 24-29.
  "As more Americans express alarm over the tidal wave of gun deaths, domestic abuse and violence in the media, foundations are beginning to address violence p

Brown, Lee P.  Trojanowicz, Robert C.
 Violent crime and community involvement.  FBI law enforcement bulletin, v. 61, May 1992: 2-13.
  Includes article by Robert C. Trojanowicz, Building support for community policing.  Both articles conclude that "police leaders must articulate effective ap

Coordinating Council on Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention (U.S.)
 Combating violence and delinquency: the national juvenile justice action plan; report.  Washington, The Council, 1996.  ca. 203 p. in various pagings
  "The Action Plan describes how communities can generate solutions and how individuals and groups can prevent or reduce violence in their own block, public ho

Cox, Stephen M.  Davidson, William S.  Bynum, Timothy S.
 A meta-analytic assessment of delinquency-related outcomes of alternative education programs.  Crime & delinquency, v. 41, Apr. 1995: 219-234.
  "The meta-analysis findings show that alternative education programs have a small overall effect on school performance, attitudes toward school, and self-est

The Crime bill summarized.  U.S. mayor, v. 61, Sept. 13, 1994: 1-20.
  "This special issue of US Mayor provides a summary of the new law.  It includes significant information on all of the new grant programs established, such as

DiIulio, John J., Jr.
 Arresting ideas: tougher law enforcement is driving down urban crime.  Policy review, no. 74, fall 1995: 12-16.
  "Serious crime is declining in many big cities across America . . . . Smarter law enforcement and tougher sentencing policies explain much of the recent drop

-----
 The question of Black crime.  Public interest, no. 117, fall 1994: 3-56.
  "Four measures can go a long way toward closing the country's morally repugnant and socially devastating black crime gap: (1) take basic remedial measures to

 Diversion and informal social control.  Edited by Gunter Albrecht and Wolfgang Ludwig-Mayerhofer.  New York, W. de Gruyter, 1995.  457 p.  (Prevention and int
  Partial contents.--Diversion in the juvenile justice system and a sociological theory of social control, by Heinz Steinert.--Diversion and social control: al

 Education in the law: promoting citizenship in the schools.  NIJ [National Institute of Justice] reports, no. 218, Jan.-Feb. 1990: 11-14.
  "The mock trials and free-ranging debates that would delight Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and the other authors of the Constitution are the centerpie

Eggers, William D.  O'Leary, John.
 The beat generation: community policing at its best.  Policy review, no. 74, fall 1995: 4-11.
  Looks at "America's most innovative public-safety models--San Diego's problem-oriented, neighborhood policing; New York's subway-disorder reduction; Milwauke

 Federal funds for at-risk youth.  Parks and recreation, v. 28, July 1993: 16, 19-20, 82.
  Members of the National Recreation and Park Association argue "that any strategy to prevent or reduce delinquent behavior in at-risk youth must include adequ

 Forum on Youth Violence in Minority Communities: setting the agenda for prevention (1990 : Atlanta, GA)
 Summary of the proceedings.  Public health reports, v. 106, May-June 1991: 225-279.
  Partial contents.--Violence is a greater killer of children than disease, by A. Novello.--Panel discussion 1: Lessons learned--the community experience.--Pan

Greene, Michael B.
 Chronic exposure to violence and poverty: interventions that work for youth.  Crime & delinquency, v. 39, Jan. 1993: 106-124.
  "Adolescents who are chronically exposed to violence and poverty respond with rage, distrust, and hopelessness.  Successful programs for these youth include

Hawkins, Darnell F.
 Inequality, culture, and interpersonal violence.  Health affairs, v. 12, winter 1993: 80-95.
  "Examines the policy implications of the long-standing debate in the social sciences over the relative contributions of socioeconomic inequality versus cultu

Hechinger, Fred M.
 Saving youth from violence.  Carnegie quarterly, v. 39, winter 1994: whole issue (16 p.)
  "Nearly one million adolescents between the ages of twelve and nineteen are victims of violent crimes each year, and this has been true at least since 1985.

Hollin, Clive R.  Epps, Kevin J.  Kendrick, David J.
 Managing behavioral treatment: policy and practice with delinquent adolescents.  New York, Routledge, 1995.  205 p. RJ506.J88H65 1995

 Home-based services for troubled children.  Edited by Ira M. Schwartz and Philip AuClaire.  Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1995.  220 p. HV881.H66 199
  Partial contents.--Network interventions with high-risk youth and families throughout the continuum of care, by Elizabeth M. Tracy, James K. Whittaker, Franc

Horowitz, Carl F.
 An empowerment strategy for eliminating neighborhood crime.  Washington, Heritage Foundation, 1991.  19 p.  (Backgrounder no. 814)
  "To rid poor urban neighborhoods of their criminal element, public officials at all levels must encourage the creation of new relationships between low-incom

Idelson, Holly.
 Block grants replace prevention, police hiring in House bill.  Congressional Quarterly weekly report, v. 53, Feb. 18, 1995: 530-532.
  "Bill: HR 728--H Rept 104-24: Block grants for police and crime prevention programs. . . .  Background: The bill was the last of six House-passed anti-crime

 It's 10 p.m. . . . . Do you know where your children are?  Police chief, v. 61, Dec. 1994: 29-31, 33, 35-36, 57-61.
  "As violence committed by and against juveniles escalates nationwide, many jurisdictions are exploring curfew enforcement as one way to curb the problem.  He
   Contents.--Curfew: a new look at an old tool, by Dennis A. Garrett and David Brewster.--Statistics in Dallas encouraging, by Bennie R. Click.--Long Beach ju

Kennedy, David M.
 Can we keep guns away from kids?  American prospect, no. 18, summer 1994:74-80.
  Argues that in order to keep guns out of the hands of kids, the U.S. needs to focus on "a new set of market disruption approaches developed in community poli

Krichbaum, Daniel.  Alston, Martha Arnold.
 Youth restitution & recreation: a successful mix.  Parks & recreation, v. 26, Mar. 1991: 42-45.
  "Recreation makes a big difference in the lives of delinquent youngsters.  Recreation professionals have made this claim for many years, but little documenta

Lundman, Richard J.
 Prevention and control of juvenile delinquency.  2nd ed.  New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.  279 p. HV9104.L86 1993
  Partial contents.--Individual treatment.--Area projects.--Scared straight.--Community treatment.--Recommendations for the future.

Luneburg, William V.  Altschuler, David M.  Bell, Michael E.
 The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's formula grant program: a regulatory approach to Federal grant-making.  In Administrative Conferenc
  "Report for Recommendation 92-8"
  Examines the grant program established under the 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act "wherein the substantive conditions on funding, along w

Marshall, Joseph E., Jr.
 Street Soldiers: violence prevention over the airwaves, a phenomenon.  Journal of health care for the poor and undeserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 246-253.
  "The Omega Boys Club of San Francisco is founded on the notion of the extended family, and provides the active support and emotional guidance once found in t

McNulty, Paul J.
 Natural born killers?  Policy review, no. 71, winter 1995: 84-87.
  "Preventing the coming explosion of teenage crime."

 National Medical Association Surgical Section Position paper on violence prevention.  JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association], v. 273, June 14, 199
  "The epidemic of intentional injury continues to be a leading cause of premature death in America.  The ravages of violence are particularly devastating with

Nelson, Kristine.
 The child welfare response to youth violence and homelessness in the nineteenth century.  Child welfare, v. 74, Jan.-Feb. 1995: 56-70.
  "The nineteenth century problem of street children, created by recurring economic crises, parallels contemporary problems of homelessness and youth violence.

O'Keefe, Garrett.
 The social impact of the National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign.  Washington, U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1993.  139 p.
  "NJ144533"
  "The media campaign under study is a component of the National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign, which is also funded and administered by the Bureau of Ju

Parenti, Mark.
 Scouts `n the hood: a compass for inner-city boyz.  Policy review, no. 64, spring 1993: 62-66.
  "For the members and families of Troops 201 [in Harlem] and 1650 [in Washington, D.C.], and other inner-city troops like them, scouting is a part of their fi
 Partnerships against violence: promising programs; resource guide: draft.  Washington, U.S. Dept. of Justice, for sale by the Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1994.  2
  "Volume I presents more than 550 specific programs that now operate throughout the country.  The scope of these efforts is wide--ranging from parent educatio

 Preventing crime & promoting responsibility: 50 programs that help communities help their youth.  Washington, President's Crime Prevention Council, for sale b
  "Describes some of the most promising Federal crime prevention programs. These programs support the planning and implementation of crime prevention efforts w

 The Prevention of youth violence: a framework for community action.  Mary Ann Fenley . . .  [et al.]  Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nat

Prothrow-Stith, Deborah B.
 The epidemic of youth violence in America: using public health prevention strategies to prevent violence.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved
  "Many law enforcement experts now agree that violence must be met with solutions from disciplines other than law enforcement, those of public health included

Rosenberg, Mark L.
 Violence in America: an integrated approach to understanding and prevention.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 102-112.
  "Violence in our country has reached epidemic proportions, especially among our youth.  Of 22 industrialized nations, the United States has the highest homic

Ruttenberg, Hattie.
 The limited promise of public health methodologies to prevent youth violence.  Yale law journal, v. 103, May 1994: 1885-1912.
  "Part I of this Essay describes the public health model of violence prevention.  Part II surveys the available data regarding both youth perpetration and vic

 Serious, violent & chronic juvenile offenders: a sourcebook.  Edited by James C. Howell . . . [et. al.]  Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications, 1995.  296 p. HV910
  Partial contents.--Trends in juvenile crime and youth violence, by James C. Howell, Barry Krisberg, and Michael Jones.--Preventing serious, violent, and chro

Shur, Douglas.
 Safe streets: combining resources to address violent crime.  FBI law enforcement bulletin, v. 64, Apr. 1995: 1-8.
  "The nearly 120 Safe Street task forces operating nationwide coordinate the resources of Federal, State, and local agencies to address identified violent cri

Sileo, Chi Chi.
 Who takes the beating for juvenile delinquency?  Insight (Washington times), v. 11, Feb. 6, 1995: 15-17.
  "An adolescent crime wave has sent politicians and therapists scurrying for solutions--in all the wrong places--while parents have found a homemade remedy in

Smith, Robert L.
 In the service of youth: a common denominator.  Juvenile justice, v. 1, fall-winter 1993: 9-15.
  "To make a serious dent in delinquency, we must shift our focus from problem-focused (numerator) approaches to universal (denominator) approaches."  Maintain

 Teens, crime, and the community: education and action for safer schools and neighborhoods.  Joint publication of the National Institute for Citizen Education
  Partial contents.--Violent crime.--Property crime and vandalism.--Acquaintance rape.--Substance abuse and drug trafficking.--Drunk driving.

Thornton, Robert Y.  Endo, Katsuya.
 Controlling crime and delinquency: a tale of two cities.  Police chief, v. 57, Mar. 1990: 54-58.
  "A cross-cultural comparative study of crime and delinquency prevention methods and techniques in the sister cities of Salem, Oregon, and Kawagoe, Japan.  Sa

Tolan, Patrick H.  Guerra, Nancy.
 What works in reducing adolescent violence: an empirical review of the field.  Boulder, Colo., Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute for

Tygart, C. E.
 Religiosity and delinquency for low public opinion consensus deviancy: a contextual approach.  International journal of group tensions, v. 23, winter 1993: 32
  Concludes that "within the limitations of the present study, religiosity makes a modest but lesser contribution to reducing shoplifting and school vandalism

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on Human Resources.
 Hearing on juvenile crime and delinquency: do we need prevention?  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2d session.  Mar. 22, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  73 p.
  "Serial no. 103-69"

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Government Operations.  Government Information, Justice, and Agricultural Subcommittee.
 Take back your neighborhood: police and citizen partnerships in confronting crime.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  June 24, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O.,

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Government Operations.  Information, Justice, Transportation, and Agriculture Subcommittee.
 Federal assistance to State and local law enforcement: the proposed elimination of the Byrne Block Grant.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  Mar. 2, 1994.

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Natural Resources.  Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands.
 Urban recreation and crime prevention.  Joint oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands and the Subcommittee on Ov
  "Serial no. 103-76"

U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Governmental Affairs.
 Youth violence prevention.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  Mar. 31, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1993.  189 p.  (Hearing, Senate, 102nd Congress, 2nd se

U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Labor and Human Resources.
 Youth Development Community Block Grant Act; report together with additional and minority views, to accompany S. 673.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  147 p.  (Rep

-----
 Youth Development Community Block Grant Act of 1995.  Hearing, 104th Congress, 1st session on S. 673.  June 8, 1995.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  93 p.  (Heari

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Labor and Human Resources.  Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism.
 Before dreams disappear: preventing youth violence.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2d session on examining certain provisions establishing programs to prevent youth

-----
 Children of war: violence and America's youth.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session. July 23, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  77 p.  (Hearing, Senate, 102n
  "Examining the effects of violence on children and youth living in American inner city neighborhoods, focusing on alternatives and early intervention program

-----
 Keeping every child safe: curbing the epidemic of violence.  Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism of the Committee
  "Examining the impact of violence on children, and on proposed legislation to provide children exposed to violence with immediate assessment and intervention

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice.
 Juvenile justice: a new focus on prevention.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  Apr. 29, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1993.  110 p.  (Hearing, Senate, 102n
  "Serial no. J-102-62"

-----
 Maine kids at risk: juvenile violence and crime.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  Apr. 8, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  59 p.  (Hearing, Senate, 103
  "Serial no. J-103-54"
  Hearing held in the Portland City Hall, Portland, Me.

-----
 The state of youth at risk and the juvenile justice system: prevention and intervention.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  Oct. 21, 1992.  Washington, G
  Hearing held in Atlanta, GA.
  "Serial no. J-102-89"
  Hearing "on support for State law enforcement efforts and for State juvenile justice systems, to help address the wave of violent crimes among youthful offen

-----
 Status offenders: risks and remedies.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 1st session on the implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 19
  "Serial no. J-102-20"

-----
 Youth violence: a community response.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session on experience and reaction to trends regarding juvenile violence within the jurisdi
  "Serial no. J-103-17"
  "The purpose of this hearing is to solicit not only what the problem is, which many of us know, but to also raise the awareness of the problem of gangs and v

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Multiple youth programs.  Jan. 19, 1995.  Washington, G.A.O., 1995.  53 p.
  "GAO/HEHS-95-60R, B-260045"

 Violence & youth: psychology's response.  Washington, American Psychological Association, 1993.  1 v. HV1431.V56 1993
  Content: v. 1. Summary report of the American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth.

 Violence--breaking the cycle: 1994 Young Voices Essay Contest winners.  Edited by James A. Burke II.  Miami, Grace Contrino Abrams Peace Education Foundation,
HN90.V5V538 1994

 Violence prevention: resource bibliography.  Boston, Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Massachusetts Adolescent Violence Prevention Program, Injury Preven

Watzman, Nancy.
 The curfew revival gains momentum.  Governing, v. 7, Feb. 1994: 20-21.
  "Teen curfew laws are spreading rapidly despite two formidable obstacles:  widespread police resistance and civil libertarian court challenges."

White, Michaele P.
 A comprehensive approach to violence prevention.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 254-261.
  "Debate continues about the causes of youth violence and appropriate solutions.  This paper discusses a comprehensive holistic approach to violence preventio

Wilson, Paul R.
 Educating street kids: a ministry to young people in the charism of Edmund Rice.  New York, Alba House, 1991.  99 p. BV4464.5.W53 1991

 Youth outreach program holds training in Carbrini-Green District of Chicago.  CCCO news notes, v. 45, summer 1993: 15.
  Discusses youth outreach programs designed to show "the connection between violence and militarism."

                       V.  DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE

 A.  DRUG USE PATTERNS

 Alcohol and other drug use among Hispanic youth.  Washington, U.S. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administratio
  "Report presents a review of the literature that offers many insights into the complex nature of alcohol and other drug problems among Hispanics."

Bahr, Stephen J.  Hawks, Ricky D.  Wang, Gabe.
 Family and religious influences on adolescent substance abuse.  Youth and society, v. 24, June 1993: 443-465.
  "There were three major findings in this study.  First, level of peer drug use is strongly associated with substance abuse.  Second, parental monitoring and

Bailey, Susan L.
 Adolescents' multisubstance use patterns: the role of heavy alcohol and cigarette use.  American journal of public health, v. 82, Sept. 1992: 1220-1224.
  Using analysis of responses from 4192 secondary school students who were surveyed three times over a four-year period, the author found that adolescents are

Baylor University.  Regional Studies.
 Doing drugs and dropping out; a report.  Washington, G.P.O., 1991.  93 p.  (Print, Senate, 102nd Congress, 1st session, joint committee print, S. Prt. 102-45)
  "This report concludes a two-phase assignment, which the Joint Economic Committee asked the Regional Studies Center at Baylor University to carry out, assess

 Causes of drug use: what do college students think?  Criminal justice and behavior, v. 19, Dec. 1992: 363-371.
  "Subjects were asked in a free-response format to nominate causes of drug use.  The 10 most frequently cited causes were used as labels on a matrix, and subj

Chen, Kevin.  Kandel, Denise B.
 The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample.  American journal of public health, v. 85, Jan. 1995: 41-
  "This study sought to describe patterns of initiation, persistence, and cessation in drug use in individuals from their late 20s to their mid-30s, within a b

 Drug abuse: opposing viewpoints.  Karin L. Swisher, book editor, Katie de Koster, assistant editor.  San Diego, Calif., Greenhaven Press, 1994.  261 p.  (Oppo
  Presents differing opinions on the causes of drug abuse, the effectiveness of the war on drugs, drug testing, and other related issues.

 Drug abuse among minority youth: advances in research and methodology.  Rockville, Md., National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1993.  348 p.  (NIDA research monogr
  "This monograph is based on the papers and discussions from a technical review on `Epidemiologic Drug Abuse Research on Minority Youth: Methodological Issues

Dull, R. Thomas.
 Correlates of alcohol and marijuana use within a college freshman population.  Journal of alcohol and drug education, v. 38, fall 1992: 1-10.
  "The correlations between self-reported alcohol and marijuana use by college-age students and peer and parental alcohol use, family alcohol abuse, and legali

Goode, Stephen.
 Are America's college students majoring in booze?  Insight (Washington times), v. 10, Aug. 8, 1994: 15-17.
  "The age-old activity of drinking, once considered a rite of passage on college campuses, has fallen under increased scrutiny.  Some researchers report that

 Inhalant abuse: its dangers are nothing to sniff at.  Rockville, Md., National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1994.  8 p.  (NIH publication no. 94-3818)
  "A surprisingly large number of adolescents in the United States experiment with intoxicating inhalants.  These inhalants include a wide range of household p

Johnson, Lloyd D.  O'Malley, Patrick M.  Bachman, Jerald G.
 National survey results on drug use from the monitoring the future study, 1975-1993.  Vols. I-II.  Rockville, Md., National Institutes on Drug Abuse for sale
  A two volume set focusing on drug use among secondary school students, college students, and young adults.

Leland, John.
 Just say maybe.  Newsweek, v. 122, Nov. 1, 1993: 51-54.
  "For a decade, the drug culture was demonized.  But it's staging a strong return . . . .  What is clear, and arresting, is the rise of a popular culture that

Lewis, David K.  Dodd, Carley H.  Tippens, Darryl L.
 Dying to tell: the hidden meaning of adolescent substance abuse.  Abilene, Tex., ACU Press, 1992.  179 p. HV5824.Y68L49 1992
  "Our research and counseling with teens convince us that substance abuse always articulates a deeper pain or trauma in the teen's life, and this pain or trau

Maginnis, Robert L.
 Back to the `70s: the MTV generation inhales.  Washington, Family Research Council, 1995.  11 p.  (Insight IS95B3DR)
  "The sex-drug-rock counterculture of the 1960s is not dead.  It was temporarily stalled in the 1980s when the Reagan administration, activists and citizen gr

McBroom, James R.
 Correlates of alcohol and marijuana use among junior high school students:  family, peers, school problems, and psychosocial concerns.  Youth & society, v. 26
  "This study analyzes survey data collected from over 400 junior high school students in Grades 7 and 8 in an attempt to determine the relationships between f

 Racial/ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors.  American journal of public health, v. 81, Mar. 1991:

  "This study, other school-based studies, and general population surveys all show relatively low levels of drug use by most non-White youth, especially Black

Reese, Finetta L.  Chassin, Laurie.  Molina, Brooke S. G.
 Alcohol expectancies in early adolescents: predicting drinking behavior from alcohol expectancies and parental alcoholism.  Journal of studies on alcohol, v.

Stuck, Mary Frances.
 Adolescent worlds: drug use and athletic activity.  New York, Praeger, 1990.  179 p.
HV5824.Y68S87 1990

 Too many young people drink and know too little about the consequences.  [Rockville, Md.] U.S. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 1991.  [
  Presents graphs and charts about teen drinking.  Reports findings and references for a range of related research on adolescent alcohol abuse.

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Teenage drug use: uncertain linkages with either pregnancy or school dropout; report to the chairman, Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, House o
  "GAO/PEMD-91-3, B-241016"
  Report "seeks to answer two main questions: First, what is the current status of, and what are recent trends in, teen drug use, pregnancy, and dropping out o

 Use of multiple drugs among adolescents who use anabolic steroids.  New England journal of medicine, v. 328, Apr. 1, 1993: 922-926.
  "In this study we examined the relation of anabolic-steroid use to the use of other drugs, including cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, cigarettes, and smokeless t

 Youth and drugs: society's mixed messages.  Editor, Hank Resnik.  Rockville, Md., U.S. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.  174 p.  (OSAP prevention
  "Examines past and present societal influences that have fostered the continued use of both legal and illegal drugs by Americans from virtually every walk of

 B.  CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

 Alcohol, aggression, and injury.  Alcohol health & research world, v. 17, no. 2, 1993: whole issue (89-172 p.)
  Partial contents.--Research approaches in the study of alcohol-related violence, by Kai Pernanen.--Alcohol use and aggression among youth, by Helene Raskin W

 American Probation and Parole Association's drug testing guidelines and practices for juvenile probation and parole agencies.  Washington, U.S. Dept. of Justi
HV5823.5.U5A44 1992

Chaloupka, Frank J.  Wechsler, Henry.
 The impact of price, availability, and alcohol control policies on binge drinking in college.  Cambridge, Mass., National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
  "The effects of beer prices, alcohol availability, and policies related to driving under the influence of alcohol on drinking and binge drinking among youths

Chavez, Ernest L.  Edwards, Ruth.  Oetting, E. R.
 Mexican American and white American school dropouts' drug use, health status, and involvement in violence.  Public health reports, v. 104,  Nov.-Dec. 1989: 59
  "Dropouts and subjects matched for similarly poor academic records have higher rates of drug use and are more likely to be both the victims and perpetrators

Deivert, Richard G.
 The role of the Constitution in the drug testing of student athletes in the public school.  Journal of alcohol and drug education, v. 36, winter 1991: 32-41.
  "This paper will examine whether the Fourth Amendment applies to the relationship between a student and an educational institution, and whether the drug test

 Drugs and crime.  Edited by Richard Dembo.  Lanham, Md., University Press of America, 1993.  287 p. HV5825.D7863 1993
  Partial contents.--Concentration of delinquent offending: serious drug involvement and high delinquency rates, by Bruce Johnson, Eric D. Wish, James Schmeidl

 Drugs and crime: evaluating public policy initiatives.  Edited by Doris Layton MacKenzie and Craig D. Uchida.  Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, 1994.  316 p.
HV5825.M23 1994
  Partial contents.--Drug control and system improvement: evaluating the success of public policies, by Doris Layton MacKenzie.--Doing evaluations in policy re

Dunworth, Terence.  Saiger, Aaron.
 Drugs and crime in public housing: a three-city analysis.  Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1993.  107 p.  (DRLI-170-2-NIJ)
  Purposes "to provide an objective, quantitative description of the extent and nature of crime in selected public housing developments.  It presents an analys

-----
 State strategic planning under the drug formula grant program.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1992.  137 p.  (Research report)
  "An integral part of State anti-drug efforts is the development of strategic plans for using Federal, State, and local resources to mount a comprehensive att

Escobedo, Luis G.  Chorba, Terence L.  Waxweiler, Richard.
 Patterns of alcohol use and the risk of drinking and driving among US high school students.  American journal of public health, v. 85, July 1995: 976-978.
  "Approximately one third of deaths among persons aged 15 to 24 years are the result of motor vehicle-related crashes.  Data from a national sample of US high

 Everyday life in two high-risk neighborhoods.  American enterprise, v. 2, May-June 1991: 28-37.
  In the first of two articles, participant-observer Philippe Bourgoisver describes the street-level crack trade among Puerto Rican youths in New York's Spanis

Finnegan, William.
 Out there.  New Yorker, v. 66, Sept. 10, 1990: 51-96 passim (24 p.); Sept. 17: 60-90 passim (28 p.)
  Examines street-level drug dealing in the inner city through the example of "Terry Jackson," a pseudonymous Black teenager in New Haven, Conn.

Garcia, Fred.
 The National Drug Control Strategy: the first-line approach to decreasing violence in our communities.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v
  "The National Drug Control Strategy is designed to address all aspects of drug abuse: drug use, drug trafficking, and drug-related crimes.  The nine-pronged

Golub, Andrew.  Johnson, Bruce D.
 A recent decline in cocaine use among youthful arrestees in Manhattan, 1987 through 1993.  American journal of public health, v. 84, Aug. 1994:  1250-1254.
  "Results.  All analyses suggest that the dramatic decline in detected cocaine use among arrestees--from 69% in 1987 to 17% in 1993--was a cohort effect.  Det

Hawkins, J. David.  Jenson, Jeffrey M.  Catalano, Richard F.
 Delinquency and drug abuse: implications for social services.  Social service review, v. 62, June 1988: 258-284.
  "Explores the evidence linking adolescent drug use and delinquency, examines shared and distinguishing factors in the etiology of each, and discusses implica

Hodgin, Deanna.
 For children, the beep may not go on.  Insight (Washington times), v. 7, July 29, 1991: 24-26.
  "Telephonic pagers have become ingrained into American life, but their use in the networking of illegal drugs has prompted calls to take them out of the hand

Huizinga, David.  Loeber, Rolf.  Thornberry, Terence P.
 Urban delinquency and substance abuse: initial findings; research summary.  [Washington] U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1994.  27
  Describes the findings of the interrelated Denver Youth Survey, Pittsburgh Youth Study, and Rochester Youth Development Study.

Inciardi, James A.  Horowitz, Ruth.  Pottieger, Anne E.
 Street kids, street drugs, street crime: an examination of drug use and serious delinquency in Miami.  Belmont, Calif., Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1993.  234 p.
HV9106.M45I53 1993
  "The researchers conducted on-street interviews of some 600 active serious delinquents in 20 neighborhoods within the Miami/Dade County (Florida) metropolita

Kleine, Ted.
 A portrait of the drug dealer as a young man.  Utne reader, no. 45, May-June 1991: 53-63.
  A description of a young drug dealer.  Also contains the following related articles--What will it really take to win the drug war, by Michael  Parenti; Livin

Kramer, Karen M.
 Rule by myth: the social and legal dynamics governing alcohol-related acquaintance rapes.  Stanford law review, v. 47, Nov. 1994: 115-160.
  Using case studies of three alcohol-related campus acquaintance rapes, comment "argues that our culture applies a double standard regarding intoxication: If

Osgood, D. Wayne.
 Drugs, alcohol, and adolescent violence.  Boulder, Colo., Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute for Behavioral Sciences, University of Co
  "F-1077, January 1995."
  "Americans widely share the belief that drugs are a destructive force that generate other problems, with violence prominent among them.  In seeking ways to r

 The President's Commission on Model State Drug Laws.  Washington, U.S. President's Commission on Model State Drug Laws, 1993.  6 v.
  Contents.--Executive summary.--Economic remedies.--Community mobilization.--Crimes code.--Treatment.--Drug-free families, schools, and workplaces.

 The Real cost of crack: how a decade of addiction has changed Los Angeles.  Los Angeles times (Washington edition), Dec. 18, 1994: A1, A18-A20; Dec. 20: A1, A
  Four-day series by Rich Connell, David Ferrell, Jesse Katz, and John L. Mitchell explores how "neighborhoods, institutions and morals have been ravaged by a

Sickmund, Melissa.
 Juvenile court drug and alcohol cases: 1985-1988.  Bureau of Justice Statistics bulletin, Dec. 1991: whole issue (11 p.)
  "NCJ 132073"
  "From 1985 through 1988, juvenile courts saw an increase in both drug and alcohol cases.  During those years, in the jurisdictions studied, the drug case rat

 Special issue: drugs and crime.  Crime & delinquency, v. 38, Oct. 1992: whole issue (419-605 p.)
  Collection of ten articles "covers the waterfront on the topic of drugs and crime, with articles concerning the impact of drugs on inner city communities and

 Substance use and delinquency among inner city adolescent males.  Paul J. Brounstein . . .  [et al.]  Washington, Urban Institute Press; Lanham, Md., disturbu

Tardiff, Kenneth.
 Homicide in New York City: cocaine use and firearms.  JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association], v. 272, July 6, 1994: 43-46.
  "The high rates of death by homicide among young African Americans and Latinos may be due to the increased involvement with both cocaine use and firearms.  N

Tidwell, Mike.
 In the shadow of the White House: drugs, death, and redemption on the streets of the Nation's Capital.  Rocklin, Calif., Prima Pub., 1992.  341 p. HV5833.W3T5
  "This book is about drug abuse in the nation's capital.  It is about what happened in 1989 as a new era of narcotics violence stalked and clobbered Washingto

U.S.  Bureau of Justice Assistance.
 Accountability in dispositions for juvenile drug offenders, March 1992.  Washington, The Bureau, 1992.  29 p.  (NCJ 134224)
  Partial contents.--Introduction: what is an accountability approach?--Juvenile justice and the drug offender.--Gaps in community supervision.--Complications

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Public Works and Transportation.  Subcommittee on Surface Transportation.
 Implementation of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  Oct. 1, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  150 p.
  "102-86"

 Urine testing of detained juveniles to identify high-risk youth.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1990.  8 p.  (Research in brief)
  "This Research in Brief summarizes the findings of an extensive, 3-year research project about the role of drug use in the lives of juvenile detainees and th

Watters, John K.  Reinarman, Craig.  Fagan, Jeffrey.
 Causality, context, and contingency: relationships between drug abuse and delinquency.  Contemporary drug problems, v. 12, fall 1985: 351-373.
  Reviews "much of the literature on drug abuse and crime in order to further specify the difficulties involved and the varieties of research necessary to buil

 Where and how adolescents obtain alcoholic beverages.  Public health reports, v. 108, July-Aug. 1993: 459-464.
  "Results of focus group interviews revealed the easy accessibility of alcoholic beverages to underage youth."

Worsnop, Richard L.
 High school sports.  CQ researcher, v. 5, Sept. 22, 1995: 825-848.
  "How serious are the drug and academic problems?"  Includes pro [Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia] and con [Don Kindred] articles on the right of schools

 C.  EDUCATION, PREVENTION, INTERVENTION, AND TREATMENT

 Adolescent drug abuse: clinical assessment and therapeutic interventions.  Editors, Elizabeth Rahdert and Dorynne Czechowicz.  Rockville, Md., National Instit
  "This monograph is based on the papers from a technical review on `Adolescent Drug Abuse: Clinical Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions' held on May 13-1

 Adolescent substance abuse: etiology, treatment, prevention.  Edited by Gary W. Lawson and Ann W. Lawson.  Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers, 1992.  532 p.
RJ506.D78A364 1992

 Alcohol problems among adolescents: current directions in prevention research.  Edited by Gayle M. Boyd, Jan Howard, and Robert A. Zuker.  Hillsdale, N.J., Er
  Partial contents.--Family influences on alcohol abuse and other problem behaviors among Black and White adolescents in a general population sample, by Grace

 Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse; challenges and responses for faith leaders.  [Washington] Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1995.  102 p.  (DHHS p
  Partial contents.--Effects of commonly abused drugs.--Understanding alcohol, tobacco, and other drug dependencies.--Substance abuse ministries in action: int

Aniskiewicz, Rick.  Wysong, Earl.
 Evaluating DARE: drug education and the multiple meanings of success.  Policy studies review, v. 9, summer 1990: 727-747.
  "Background and previous impact evaluations of `DARE' (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) are described along with an assessment of its implementation among fi

 Beyond convictions: prosecutors as community leaders in the war on drugs: an overview of prosecutor-led programs in education, prevention, treatment, and enfo
  Education and prevention.--Community coalitions.--Juvenile substance abuse programs.--Identifying resources.

Brademas, D. James.
 Evaluating substance abuse programs.  Parks & recreation, v. 29, Mar. 1994: 55-60.
  Due to the association between leisure activities and the use of drugs, "this study explored a number of variables concerning the extent of public leisure se

Brooks, Margaret K.
 Legal issues for alcohol and other drug use prevention and treatment programs serving high-risk youth.  Rockville, Md., U.S. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental H
  "Questions agencies most often ask include: 1. whether they must comply with the Federal laws and regulation governing confidentiality of patient records and

Brown, Joel H.  Horowitz, Jordon E.
 Deviance and deviants: why adolescent substance use prevention programs do not work.  Evaluation review, v. 17, Oct. 1993: 529-555.
  "This article examines the social historical lineages of adolescent alcohol and other drug use prevention programs.  It shows how risk factor research evolve

Clark, Charles S.
 Underage drinking: is the government using the right tactics in its crackdown?  CQ researcher, v. 2, Mar. 13, 1992: 217-240.
  "Illegal alcohol use is easing off at schools and colleges, but drips of progress toward temperance may not be enough.  Concerned federal officials blame und

 Community responses to drug abuse: a program evaluation.  Washington, U.S. National Institute of Justice, 1994.  40 p.
  "This NIJ-funded evaluation describes how grassroots organizations in 10 cities responded to problems caused by drugs and presents the specific strategies th
 Cops in the classroom: a longitudinal evaluation of drug abuse resistance education (DARE).  Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 31, Feb. 1994: 3
  "Project DARE has become America's most popular and prevalent drug education program.  Despite this status, the effectiveness of the program has yet to be de

Cowles, Ernest L.  Castellano, Thomas C.
 "Boot camp" drug treatment and aftercare intervention: an evaluation review; a final summary report.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1995.  178 p.
  "Research report, NCJ 153918"
  "The purpose of the research was to `inform Federal, State, and local agencies about possible ways to incorporate drug treatment into the inprison and afterc

 Drug abuse prevention with multiethnic youth.  Editors, Gilbert J. Botvin, Steven Schinke, and Mario A. Orlandi.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage Publications, 19
HV5824.Y68D7713 1995
  Partial contents.--Cultural identity and drug use among Latino and Latina adolescents, by Maria Felix-Ortiz and Michael D. Newcomb.--Drug abuse prevention in

Ellickson, Phyllis L.  Bell, Robert M.
 Challenges to social experiments: a drug prevention example.  Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 29, Feb. 1992: 79-101.
  "This article describes how a recent, multisite experiment conducted in 30 junior high schools met several challenges, specifically: evaluating the program i

Glazer, Sarah.
 Preventing teen drug use: do school programs push the wrong people?  CQ researcher, v. 5, July 28, 1995: whole issue (657-680 p.)
  "Drug use is once again on the rise among America's youth.  Although teens who use drugs are still in the minority, some experts say that recent increases in

Gonet, Marlene Miziker.
 Counseling the adolescent substance abuser: school-based intervention and prevention.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage, 1994.  249 p. HV5824.Y68G65 1994
  Includes "the basic information necessary to provide effective counseling services and prevention programs to all adolescents.  It is not meant as a treatmen

Hingson, Ralph.  Heeren, Timothy.  Winter, Michael.
 Lower legal blood alcohol limits for young drivers.  Public health reports, v. 109, Nov.-Dec. 1994: 738-744.
  "To reduce the involvement of young drivers in alcohol-related crashes, 29 States and the District of Columbia have established lower legal blood alcohol lim

Hughes, Stella P.  Dodder, Richard A.
 Changing the legal minimum drinking age: results of a longitudinal study.  Journal of studies on alcohol, v. 53, Nov. 1992: 568-575.
  "The most prevalent observation from analysis of data collected over the 10 sampling periods is that drinking patterns and behaviors exhibited by the student

Johnson, Elaine M.  Delgado, Jane L.
 Reaching Hispanics with messages to prevent alcohol and other drug abuse.   Public health reports, v. 104, Nov.-Dec. 1989: 588-594.
  "The authors suggest research priorities designed to promote more effective communications programming in the substance abuse field, and they identify three

Lecca, Pedro J.,
 Preschoolers and substance abuse: strategies for prevention and intervention.  New York, Haworth Press, 1993.  112 p. HV5824.C45L43 1993
  "The intent of this book will be to: 1.  briefy state the nature of the substance abuse problem identified by the literature as it affects the child and the

 Long-term follow-up results of a randomized drug abuse prevention trial in a white middle-class population.  JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association
  "This article reports long-term follow-up data from a large-scale randomized trial of a prevention program based on a broad-spectrum, multicomponent approach

McKinnon, John.
 Turning a new eye on crime.  American Bar Association, v. 80, Apr. 1994: 68-69.
  "With the supply of illegal drugs increasing, one city, Miami, decided to focus deterrence efforts on its children."

Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
 Impaired driving issues: compendium of programs to reduce impaired driving by youth.  [Dallas?] Mothers Against Drunk Driving [1990?  17 l.]
  Describes programs for promotion of alcohol-free activities for youth; increase in school-based education programs; reduction in advertising and marketing to

 National directory of drug abuse and alcoholism treatment and prevention programs; FY94 survey.  Washington, U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services A
  "A compilation of 12,256 Federal, State, local, and private providers responsible for alcoholism and drug abuse treatment and prevention services provided th

 National guide to funding in substance abuse.  Edited by James E. Baumgartner.  New York, The Foundation Center, 1995.  238 p. HV4999.2.N36 1995
  "Contains entries for 530 grantmaking foundations and 75 direct corporate giving programs that have shown a substantial interest in substance abuse, either a

 Policy compendium on tobacco, alcohol, and other harmful substances affecting adolescents: alcohol and other harmful substances.  Editors, Janet E. Gans and K
  Partial contents.--Screening and evaluation.--Treatment and rehabilitation.--Prevention initiatives to reduce the demand for alcohol and other drugs.--Preven

Powell, Richard R.  Gabe, Janice.  Zehm, Stanley.
 Classrooms under the influence: reaching early adolescent children of alcoholics.  Reston, Va., National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1994.  46

 Preventing adolescent drug use: from theory to practice.  Editor, Eric N. Goplerud. Rockville, Md., U.S. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
  Contents.--Adolescent transitions and alcohol and other drug use prevention, by Laurence Steinberg.--Identification of youth at high risk for alcohol or othe

 Preventing drug use among youth through community outreach: the military's pilot programs.  By Jonathan P. Caulkins . . .  [et al.]  Santa Monica, Calif., Ran
  "Congress directed the Secretary of Defense to report on the effectiveness of the pilot outreach programs and make recommendations regarding their continuati

 Prevention of alcohol-related programs.  Alcohol health & research world, v. 17, no. 1, 1993: whole issue (88 p.)
  Partial contents.--Prevention of alcohol-impaired driving, by Ralph Higson.--School-based alcohol prevention programs, by William B. Hansen.--Alcohol portray

Pruitt, B. E.
 Drug abuse prevention programs: do they work?  NASSP [National Association of Secondary School Principals] bulletin, v. 77, Apr. 1993: 37-49.
  "This article is one writer's attempt to generalize years of experience on the part of public health officials, researchers, educators, and policy makers con

 Research and intervention: preventing substance abuse in higher education.  Washington, U.S. Office of Educational Research and Improvement, for sale by the S
  Develops a research agenda that addresses the issues of collegiate alcohol and drug abuse.  There is a fourfold purpose: "to review the current research and

 Rural communities.  Washington, U.S. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 1991.  17 p.  (OSAP prevent
  It briefly presents facts and statistics and then lists prevention materials, studies, articles and reports, and groups, organizations and programs.

 Signs of effectiveness II: preventing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use: a risk factor/resiliency-based approach.  Stephen E. Gardner, Patricia F. Green, a
  Continues where the first report by the same name left off.  "In each . . .  section there is a description of factors that place youth at high risk for use

 Success stories from drug-free schools: a guide for educators, parents & policymakers.  Washington, U.S. Dept. of Education, 1991.  59 p.
  "This book offers the wisdom, experience, and advice of the people who staff the 107 schools recognized in the 1989-90 and 90-91 academic years.  These schoo

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights.
 Field hearing on the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session.  June 19, 1993.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  92 p.
  "Serial no. 103-47"
  "We're going to be looking at what rural States, rural communities, rural schools, and families are doing to combat the ravages of drug and alcohol abuse."

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families.
 Preventing underage drinking: a dialogue with the Surgeon General.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 1st session.  Nov. 15, 1991.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  49 p.

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.
 Save our youth.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  Sept. 25, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  133 p.
  "SCNAC-102-2-11"

 U.S.  Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.  Office of Policy Development and Research.
 Together we can . . . create drug-free neighborhoods.  Washington, The Dept., 1992. 136 p.
  "This is a book about people reclaiming their neighborhoods.  It shows how public housing residents are freeing themselves, their families, and their communi

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Adolescent drug use prevention: common features of promising community programs; report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Select Education, Committee on Educat
  "GAO/PEMD-92-2, B-245204"
  Examines "the design, implementation, and results of promising comprehensive, community-based drug use prevention programs for young adolescents, regardless

-----
 Drug education: rural programs have many components and most rely heavily on Federal funds; report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Se
  "GAO/HRD-92-34, B-246981"
  Reports on a telephone survey used "to obtain information from a representative sample of the nation's 8,913 rural school districts. . . .  To supplement our

-----
 Drug use among youth: no simple answers to guide prevention; report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs, and Alcoholism, Committee on Lab
  "GAO/HRD-94-24, B-246366"
  "Although the use of illegal drugs and alcohol among adolescents has declined from the peak levels of the late 1970s and early 1980s, it remains widespread.

Young, Connie.
 Alcohol, Drugs, Driving and You: a comprehensive program to prevent adolescent drinking, drug use, and driving.  Journal of alcohol and drug education, v. 36,
  "Alcohol, Drugs, Driving and You (ADDY) is a comprehensive program designed to prevent adolescent drinking, drug use and driving.  This article describes the

 Youth investment and community reconstruction: street lessons on drugs and crime for the nineties.  Washington, Milton S. Eisenhower Foundation, 1990.  2 v. (
  Vol. 1.  Executive summary.--Vol. 2.  Final report.

                            VI.  GANGS

 A.  GENERAL

Block, Carolyn Rebecca.  Block, Richard.
 Street gang crime in Chicago.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1993.  11 p.  (Research in brief)
  "NCJ 144782"
  "Analysis of police homicide records over 26 years and gang-motivated incident records over 3 years revealed the street gang affiliation of every offender an

Burns, Edward.  Deakin, Thomas J.
 A new investigative approach to youth gangs.  FBI law enforcement bulletin, v. 58, Oct. 1989: 20-24.
  "The Baltimore, MD, Police Department realized that youth gangs are distinct in their structure, objective, and methods of operations from the typical drug o

Campbell, Anne.
 The girls in the gang.  2nd ed.  Cambridge, Mass., B. Backwell, 1991.  295 p.
HV6439.U7N435 1991
  An indepth study of "female street gangs and female gang membership" in New York City.

Clark, Charles S.
 Youth gangs.  CQ researcher, v. 1, Oct. 11, 1991: whole issue (753-776 p.)
  "Drive by shootings and assaults by gangs now routinely make headlines in dozens of American cities.  But today's gangs differ from the classic switchblade-t

Conlon, Edward.
 The pols, the police, and the gerry curls.  American spectator, v. 27, Nov. 1994: 36-42, 44, 46-47.
  "Inside one of New York's most notorious Dominican drug gangs."

Conly, Catherine H.
 Street gangs: current knowledge and strategies.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1993.  115 p.
  "Summarizes research and professional criminal justice perspectives on gangs; describes some current gang prevention, intervention, and suppression strategie

Covey, Herbert C.  Scott, Menard.  Franzese, Robert J.
 Juvenile gangs.  Springfield, Ill., C.C.. Thomas, 1992.  290 p. HV6439.U5C68 1992
  "Ethnographic studies of gangs have provided a richness and depth of description that is indispensable to the study of gangs, but they have typically focused

Curry, G. David.  Ball, Richard A.  Fox, Robert J.
 Gang crime and law enforcement recordkeeping.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1994.  11 p.
  "A National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-sponsored survey of metropolitan police departments in the 79 largest U.S. cities showed that in spring 1992 all but 7

Curry, G. David.  Spergel, Irving A.
 Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males.  Journal of research in crime and delinquency, v. 29, Aug. 1992: 273-29
  "Scale sequence and regression analysis suggest that different social processes operate in gang involvement for the two ethnic populations.  In both sets of

Dunston, Mark S.
 Street signs: an identification guide of symbols of crime and violence.  Powers Lake, Wisc., Performance Dimensions Pub., 1992.  232 p. GT2346.U6D86 1992
  Describes tattoo, graffiti, patch, and symbol identification used by street gangs, prison gangs, motocycle gangs, hate groups, and others."

 Focus on gangs.  FBI law enforcement bulletin, v. 63, May 1994: 1-6, 8-17.
  Contents.--Gangs: a national perspective, by Alan C. Brantley and Andrew DiRosa.--The Chicago area project, by Anthony Sorrentino and David Whittaker.--Gang

 Gangs: the origins and impact of contemporary youth gangs in the United States.  Edited by Scott Cummings and Daniel J. Monti.  Albany, State University of Ne
  Several "social scientists and scholars have been brought together in this book to examine the contemporary contours of America's gang problem, . . . .  New

Goldstein, Arnold P.
 Delinquent gangs: a psychological perspective.  Champaign, Ill., Research Press, 1991.  313 p. HV6439.U5G65 1991
  "This book describes the gang phenomenon and both recommends and exemplifies a strategy for improving the ability to understand, predict, control, and reorie

Gunst, Laurie.
 Born fi' dead: a journey through the Jamaican posse underworld.  1st ed.  New York, H. Holt, 1995.  245 p. HV6439.J252K664 1995

Helfand, Duke.
 Caught in the cross-fire.  Los Angeles times, June 30, 1994: 10 p.
  Reports on tensions between Asian and Latino street gangs in Los Angeles and the violence caused by these gangs.

Howell, James C.
 Recent gang research: program and policy implications.  Crime & delinquency, v. 40, Oct. 1994: 495-515.
  "Current knowledge of street gangs and related crime is limited.  Media reports would have us believe that they account for the recent increase in juvenile v

Hutson, H. Range.
 The epidemic of gang-related homicides in Los Angeles County from 1979 thorough 1994.  JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association], v. 274, Oct. 4, 199
  "Objective: To determine trends in gang homicides and the population at greatest risk for homicide by reviewing all gang-related homicides in Los Angeles Cou

Hutson, H. Range.  Anglin, Deirdre.  Pratts, Michael J., Jr.
 Adolescents and children injured or killed in drive-by shootings in Los Angeles.  New England journal of medicine, v. 330, Feb. 3, 1994: 324-327.
  "The principal objective of this study was to determine the frequency of drive-by shootings involving children and adolescents in Los Angeles in 1991 and to

Johnson, Claire.  Webster, Barbara.  Connors, Edward.
 Prosecuting gangs: a national assessment.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1995.  11 p.  (Research in brief)
  "The study found that more than 80 percent of prosecutors acknowledged gangs were a problem in their jurisdiction and said they were vigorously pursuing pros

Knox, George W.
 An introduction to gangs.  New rev. ed.  Bristo, Ind., Wyndham Hall Press, 1994.  817 p. HV6439.U5K66 1994
  "An introductory level college text on gangs."

Kroeker, Mark.  Haunt, Francois.
 A tale of two cities: the street gangs of Paris and Los Angeles.  Police chief, v. 62, May 1995: 32, 34-35, 44-46.
  The authors "meld their mutual observations and commentary on the street gang phenomenon, a sad bonding point for two major world urban centers."

Lasley, James R.
 Age, social context, and street gang membership: are "youth" gangs becoming "adult" gangs?  Youth & society, v. 23, June 1992: 434-451.
  "Within the social context of lower-class, inner-city Los Angeles neighborhoods, the present study investigates the extent to which street gangs are the doma

 The Modern gang reader.  [Edited by] Malcolm W. Klein, Cheryl L. Maxson, and Jody Miller.  Los Angeles, Roxbury, 1995.  333 p. HV6439.U5M64 1995

 Neo-Nazi Skinheads organizing under banner of racist record company.  Klanwatch intelligence report, no. 76, Dec. 1994: 1-3, 8.
  Charges that the newly organized Resistance Records "is much more than a racist record label for a growing stable of power rock bands and publisher of a slic

Pryor, Douglas W.  McGarrell, Edmund F.
 Public perceptions of youth gang crime: an exploratory analysis.  Youth and society, v. 24, June 1993: 399-418.
  "The focus is on public perceptions of youth gang crime: How serious of a problem is it? How prevalent? How much danger do people feel they are facing? Is yo

Sanders, William B.
 Gangbangs and drive-bys: grounded culture and juvenile gang violence.  New York, Aldine de Gruyter, 1994.  198 p. HV6439.U7C26 1994
  Partial contents.--Gangbangs.--Mexican-American gang styles.--African-American gang styles.--Other youth gangs.--Police operations and gangs.

Sheley, Joseph F.
 Gang organization, gang criminal activity, and individual gang members' criminal behavior.  Social science quarterly, v. 76, Mar. 1995: 53-68.
  "Objective.  The present investigation attempts to assess the relation of general gang structure and criminal activity to the criminal behavior of individual

Sigler, Robert T.
 Gang violence.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 198-204.
  "During childhood and adolescence, the formation of groups or gangs is a normal part of the growing process . . . .  However, gangs, as we now know them, are

Suall, Irwin.  Halpern, Thomas.
 Young Nazi killers: the rising Skinhead danger.  New York, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1993.  34 p.  (ADL special report)
  Finds that "a dramatic increase is occurring in the number and pace of murders committed by neo-nazi Skinheads," making them "today the most violent of all w

 Substance abuse and gang violence.  Richard C. Cervantes, editor.  Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications, 1992.  179 p.  (Sage focus editions, 147) HV6439.U

Torres, Vicki.  Li, Tommy.
 The San Marino tragedy; a deadly attraction to the gang lifestyle.  Los Angeles times, June 16, 1994: 3.
  "Increasingly, ordinary students are mimicking gangbangers' dress and swagger.  It's a trend that experts say may have contributed to the shooting deaths of

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights.
 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms' proposal for a gang information network.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  June 26, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O.,
  "Serial no. 78"

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice.
 Witness intimidation: showdown in the streets--breakdown in the courts.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  Aug. 4, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  94 p.
  "Serial no. 81"

U.S.  Congress.  House.  Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.
 Dominican drug trafficking.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session.  Mar. 24, 1993. Washington, G.P.O., 1993.  78 p.
  "SCNAC-103-1-1"

U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Labor and Human Resources.
 Jobs Corps oversight.  Hearing, 104th Congress, 1st session.  Jan. 18-19, 1995.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  214 p.  (Hearing, Senate, 104th Congress, 1st sess
  "Examining performance, accountability, and the incidence of violence at Job Corps sites."

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice.  Youth violence and gangs.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 1st session.  No
  "Serial no. J-102-45"

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 Nontraditional organized crime: law enforcement officials' perspectives on five criminal groups; report to the Chairman, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigati
  "GAO/OSI-89-19"
  "Within the past decade, law enforcement officials throughout the United States have openly addressed the growing problem of organized criminal groups.  Five

 When you're a Crip (or a Blood).  Harper's magazine, v. 278, Mar. 1989: 51-59.
  Presents a discussion, moderated by journalist Leon Bing, among four members of Black Los Angeles gangs about what their lives are like.

 B.  PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION

Burke, Jim.
 Teenagers, clothes, and gang violence.  Educational leadership, v. 49, Sept. 1991: 11-13.
  "By bringing the school into the community and vice versa, we may be able to offer young people a positive alternative to membership in gangs to provide the

Foley, Jack.  Ward, Veda.
 Recreation, the riots and a healthy L.A.  Parks & recreation, no. 3, Mar. 1993: 66-69, 163.
  "The Bloods and Crips have submitted a series of proposals to revitalize South Los Angeles . . . .  The proposals ask to build recreation centers on burned-o

Fremon, Celeste.
 Father Greg & the homeboys: the extraordinary journey of Father Greg Boyle and his work with the Latino gangs of East L.A.  1st ed.  New York, Hyperion, 1995.
BX2347.8.J89F74 1995
  Profiles the work of Father Greg Boyle, the "pastor of Delores Mission Church, which serves a parish that has the most intense level of gang activity in all

 Gang intervention efforts.  Police chief, v. 60, Feb. 1993: 20-23, 25-28, 31.
  Three related articles discuss how police in Aurora, Colo. and Oxnard, Calif. have mobilized to deal effectively with local gangs; and how the State of Conne

 Gang intervention handbook.  Arnold P. Goldstein, C. Ronald Huff, editors.  Champaign, Ill., Research Press, 1993.  522 p. HV6439.U5G35 1993
  Partial contents.--Psychological interventions.--Contextual interventions.--Criminal justice interventions.--Special intervention parameters.

 Gang suppression and intervention: community models: research summary.  Washington, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1994.  26 p.   HV64
  "Dr. Irving Spergel and his colleagues at the University of Chicago have conducted the first comprehensive national survey of organized agency and community

Goldstein, Arnold P.  Glick, Barry.
 The prosocial gang: implementing aggression replacement training.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage Publications, 1994.  123 p. HV6439.U5G654 1994

Hernandez, Efrain, Jr.
 Padrinos; they are known as the godfathers, veteranos whose roots in East L.A. run deep; their days as street toughs long gone, they are now committed to redu
  Reports on the Padrinos, "a group of volunteers with roots in East Los Angeles, who use street savey and donation to try to stem street violence," especially

Hunzeker, Donna.
 Ganging up against violence.  State legislatures, v. 19, May 1993: 28-31.
  "Criminal street-gangs have spread across the country, creating fear and challenging policymakers to prevent or suppress their activities . . . . Gang member

Kainec, Lisa A.
 Curbing gang related violence in America: do gang members have a constitutional right to loiter on our streets?  Case Western Reserve law review, v. 43, winte
  "This Comment will first explore the history of loitering laws and the constitutional challenges most commonly experienced.  Specific types of loitering laws

Leighton, Gerald.
 When gangs become unpopular.  World & I, v. 7, Oct. 1992: 414-419.
  "Nationwide, gangs are growing, but one police chief in Los Angeles County has reduced the gangs in his area."

McLean, Gordon R.
 Cities of lonesome fear: God among the gangs.  [With Dave & Neta Jackson]  Chicago, Moody Press, 1991.  190 p. BV4464.5.M28 1991
  With no reason to live and no fear of dying, street-wise gangs are turning cities into battlegrounds.  In fact, if a kid makes it to adulthood, he is conside

Mondragon, Delfi.
 Clinical assessment of gang violence risk through history and physical exam.  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 209-216.
  "Primary-care clinicians can assess gang involvement and gang violence risk during the routine history and physical exam. . . .  It works best in a managed c

Murphy, Paul D.
 Restricting gang clothing in public schools: does a dress code violate a student's right of free expression?  Southern California law review, v. 64, July 1991
  Comment concludes that dress codes should probably only be adopted in schools with "a true gang problem," since prevention is not a "compelling rationale" to

Rodriguez, Luis J.
 Turning youth gangs around.  Nation, v. 259, Nov. 21, 1994: 605-609.
  "These young people need guidance and support; they don't need adults to tell them what to do and how to do it; to corral, crush or dissuade their efforts.

Spergel, Irving A.
 The youth gang problem: a community approach.  New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.  346 p. HV6439.U5S64 1995
  Partial contents.--Gangs, drugs, and violence.--The structure of the gang.--Youth gangs and organized crime.--Planning for youth gang control and violence re

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on Human Resources.
 Congressional oversight hearing on local gang diversion programs.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session.  June 4, 1993.  Washington, G.P.O., 1993.  146 p.
  Hearing held in El Monte, CA.
  "Serial no. 103-19"

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice.
 The gang problem in America: formulating an effective Federal response.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session to examine how the Federal Government can establi
  "Serial no. J-103-40"

Willis-Kistler, Pat.
 Fighting gangs with recreation.  Parks and recreation, v. 23, Nov. 1988: 44-49.
  Describes several programs implemented in California to encourage youth to participate in recreational activities rather than becoming involved in gang activ

Yoo, Christopher S.
 The constitutionality of enjoining criminal street gangs as public nuisances.  Northwestern University law review, v. 89, fall 1994: 212-267.
  Student Comment "explores the constitutionality of recent civil remedies used to control gang activities, particularly in California.  The author explores th

                  VII.  SCHOOL VIOLENCE AND SECURITY

 A.  GENERAL

Barber, Mary Beth.
 Lack of school safety related to growth of gang activity on campus.  California journal, v. 24, June 1993: 27-30.
  "About 15 percent of weapons violations at schools throughout the United States were in the Los Angeles area."

 Campus violence: kinds, causes, and cures.  Leighton C. Whitaker and Jeffrey W. Pollard, editors.  New York, Haworth Press, 1993.  313 p. LB2355.C36 1993

Fisher, Bonnie S.
 Crime and fear on campus.  Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 539, May 1995: 85-101.
  "This article discusses the legal, legislative, and administrative responses to victimization and fear on campuses and critically examines issues raised by t

 Hostile hallways: the AAUW survey on sexual harassment in America's schools.  Washington, American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, 199
  "The questions we wanted answered: How widespread is sexual harassment in school?  Who is doing it . . . and to whom?  Where is it happening?  What forms doe

Knox, George W.  Laske, David L.  Tromanhauser, Edward D.
 Schools under siege.  Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, 1992.  230 p. LB3013.3.K56 1992

Larson, Erik.
 The story of a gun.  Atlantic monthly, v. 271, Jan. 1993: 48-78.
  "Gun laws remain weak, gunmakers continue to promote killing power, and gun dealers accept no responsibility for the criminal use of what they sell."  The au

Maginnis, Robert L.
 Violence in the schoolhouse: a 10-year update.  Washington, Family Research Council [1994]  13 p.  (Insight IS94E5CR)
  "Violence at school is worse today than ten years ago. . . .  Considers the current school violence trend, its impact on the education environment, an analys

Mansfield, Wendy.  Alexander, Debbie.  Farris, Elizabeth.
 Teacher survey on safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools.  Washington, U.S. Office of Educational Research and Improvement [1991]  43 p. LB3012.2.M36 1991
  "This report presents statistics on teachers' perspectives of issues related to safety, discipline, and drug use prevention in public elementary and secondar

Nolin, Mary Jo.  Davies, Elizabeth.  Chandler, Kathryn.
 Student victimization at school.  Washington, National Center for Education Statistics, 1995.  8 p.  (Statistics in brief, NCES 95-204)
  "This report presents information on personal victimization from a national survey of 6th- through 12th-grade students conducted in the spring of 1993 . . .

Nordland, Rod.
 Deadly lessons.  Newsweek, v. 119, Mar. 9, 1992: 22-26, 29-30.
  "Big cities, small towns: more and more guns in younger and younger hands . . . .  The root causes of this bizarre and lethal trend include all the usual dem

Pipho, Chris.
 States get tough on juvenile crime.  Phi Delta Kappan, v. 75, Dec. 1993: 286-287.

 Public school district survey on safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools.  [Contact] Judi Carpenter.  Washington, National Center for Education Statistics [1
LB3012.2.P83 1992
  "The statistics represent public school district superintendents' perspectives on issues related to safety, discipline, and drug use prevention in public ele

Sanday, Peggy Reeves.
 Fraternity gang rape: sex, brotherhood, and privilege on campus.  New York, New York University Press, 1990.  203 p.
  University of Pennsylvania anthropologist presents a case study of a 1983 incident involving one of her students.  "The book explores what happened through i

Sheley, Joseph F.  McGee, Zina T.  Wright, James D.
 Weapon-related victimization in selected inner-city high school samples.  Washington, National Institute of Justice, 1995.  13, 5 p.
  "This Summary Report explores the issue of weapon-related victimization by inner-city youths attending high schools with histories of violence.  It focuses b

 Special issue: violence and youth.  Harvard educational review, v. 65, summer 1995: whole issue (127-366 p.)
  Partial contents.--Sexual harassment in school: the public performance of gendered violence.--Reconstructing masculinity in the locker room: the mentors in v
Toby, Jackson.
 The politics of school violence.  Public interest, no. 116, summer 1994: 34-56.
  Questions "political differences arising from the fact of more frequent disciplinary measures taken against blacks than against whites to control school viol

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education.
 Field hearing on violence in our nation's schools.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  May 4, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  79 p.
  "Serial no. 102-107"
  Hearing held in Bronx, NY.

-----
 Hearing on school violence.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  July 20, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  124 p.
  "Serial no. 103-93"

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.
 Children carrying weapons: why the recent increase.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session, on the possession of weapons among children and the presence of the
KF26.J8 1992b

 Violence in schools . . .  Federal Bar news & journal, v. 41, Oct. 1994: 630-634.
  "This article will analyze the current statutory law relating to the discipline of children with disabilities and its theoretical underpinnings.  In addition

Webster, Daniel W.  Gainer, Patricia S.  Champion, Howard R.
 Weapon carrying among inner-city junior high school students: defensive behavior vs aggressive delinquency.  American journal of public health, v. 83, Nov. 19
  "Students in two inner-city junior high schools [in the District of Columbia] completed anonymous questionnaires.  Logistic regression models were fit for ha

 B.  PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION

Bey, Theresa M.  Turner, Gwendolyn Y.
 Making school a place of peace.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Corwin Press, 1996.  166 p.
LB3013.3.B49 1996
  Partial contents.--Creating a peacable environment.--Encouraging peaceful communication.--Planning for peace across the curriculum.--Building family-school-c

Carroll, Constance M.
 Sexual harassment on campus: enhancing awareness and promoting change. Educational record, v. 74, winter 1993: 21-26.
  "Through affirmative efforts and attention to preventive measures, colleges and universities can become models of humane and professional standards of intera

Caudle, Melissa.
 Eliminating school violence: why can't Johnny be safe?  High school magazine, no. 1., Sept. 1994: 10-13.
  "How will schools provide an environment free of violence?  Focusing on eight specific areas can help school leaders establish safe learning environments and

Chandler, Kathryn.  Nolin, Mary Jo.  Davies, Elizabeth.
 Student strategies to avoid harm at school.  Washington, National Center for Education Statistics, 1995.  7 p.  (Statistics in brief, NCES 95-203)
  "This report presents information from a national survey of 6th- through 12th-grade students on student strategies to avoid harm at school."

Clinchy, Evans.
 Learning in and about the real world: recontextualizing public schooling.  Phi Delta Kappan, v. 76, Jan. 1995: 400-404.
  "What students most desperately need if they are to survive in the violent, dangerous, and often quite inhumane real world and if they are to be capable of c

 Dealing with youth violence: what schools and communities need to know.  Rose M. Duhon-Sells, editor.  Bloomington, Ind., National Educational Service, 1995.
LB3013.3.D43 1995
  Partial contents.--Family violence and the schools, by Victor C. Kirk.--Governmental initiatives to reduce violence in the schools, by Leon R. Tarver II.--Te

Gilbert, Shirl E., II.
 Violence in schools: why--and what can we do about it?  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, v. 6, no. 2, 1995: 205-208.
  "The author explores the notion of need (to be a part of, to belong, and to be connected) as it relates to the tendency toward violence, and conversely, the

Glazer, Sarah.
 Sex on campus: will new programs cut the sexual assault rate?  CQ researcher, v. 4, Nov. 4, 1994: whole issue (963-981 p.)
  "Colleges are getting tougher with male students who press unwanted sex on women.  The date rape movement, started by victims protesting insensitive treatmen

-----
 Violence in schools: can anything be done to curb the growing violence?  CQ researcher, v. 2, Sept. 11, 1992: whole issue (p. 785-808).
  "While some experts blame a breakdown in school discipline, others point to drugs and gangs.  And some say schools merely reflect an increasingly violent soc

 Gun decision puts a check on Federal authority.  Congressional Quarterly weekly report, v. 53, Apr. 29, 1995: 1199-1200.
  "Following are excerpts from the U.S. Supreme Court decision April 26 in United States v. Lopez, which struck down a federal law banning the possession of gu

Hill, Marie Somers.  Hill, Frank W.
 Creating safe schools: what principals can do.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Corwin Press, 1994.  132 p.  (Principals taking action series) LB3013.3.H56 1994
  Partial contents.--Building principals' awareness: sources of violence in schools.--Violence in schools: not just an urban issue.--Involving the community an

Hood, John.
 School violence.  Freeman, v. 4, Feb. 1994: 85-90.
  "Today's public educators are probably incapable of dealing effectively with school violence and discipline problems.  To do so requires rethinking how educa

LeBan, Levon A.
 The S.T.A.G. Program: students targeted against guns: a 24-hour, toll-free, anonymous source for reporting potential incidents of weapons at school.  [Lousisi
  "The S.T.A.G. Program is an innovative three-year program [in Louisiana] designed to assist the community in the ultimate eradication of weapons in the schoo

 Managing crisis, resolving conflict.  NASSP [National Association of Secondary School Principals] bulletin, v. 77, Apr. 1993: 1-36.
  Partial contents.--Coping with the ultimate tragedy--the death of a student, by  Lawrence Grant and Barry Schakner.--Dealing with violence and threats of vio

Quarles, Chester L.
 Staying safe at school.  Thousand Oaks, Calif., Corwin Press, 1993.  86 p.
LB3013.3.Q38 1993

Rembodt, Carole.  Zimman, Richard N.
 Respect & protect: a practical, step-by-step violence prevention and intervention program for schools and communities: a complete program manual and guide for
LB3013.3.Z45 1995

Sautter, R. Craig.
 Standing up to violence.  Phi Delta Kappan, v. 76, Jan. 1995: K1-K12.
  Special Kapplan report on school violence.  A Response guide for action is also included.

 School-based conflict resolution programs.  Health affairs, v. 13, fall 1994: 163-177.
  Selected articles written in response "to a commentary (winter 1993) on school-based conflict resolution programs."
  Contents.--School-based conflict resolution: give educators more credit, by William DeJong.--Unconvincing evidence for condemning school-based conflict resol

 School security screening: with metal detectors: a basic planning handbook.  By Garrett Metal Detectors.  3rd ed.  Dallas, Ram Pub. Co. [1993]  122 p.  (A sec

Schreck, Myron.
 The fourth amendment in the public schools: issues for the 1990s and beyond.   Urban lawyer, v. 25, winter 1993: 117-157.
  "This paper will review the current state of Fourth Amendment law with regard to public school searches and seizures and then proceed to discuss the controve

Smith, J. W., Jr.
 Interscholastic athletic programs: a positive factor in school reform.  NASSP [National Association of Secondary School Principals] bulletin, v. 78, Feb. 1994
  "Research findings indicate that interscholastic athletic programs result in reduced discipline problems, increased academic achievement, and higher graduati

Swope, Christopher.
 Tracking down truants.  Governing, v. 8, Aug. 1995: 52-53.
  "Convinced there's a link between playing hooky and juvenile crime, a growing number of cities and states are cracking down on class-cutters."

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Education and Labor.  Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education.
 Field hearing on violence in our nation's schools.  Hearing, 102nd Congress, 2nd session.  May 4, 1992.  Washington, G.P.O., 1992.  79 p.
  "Serial no. 102-107"
  Hearing held in Bronx, NY.

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice.
 Selected crime issues: prevention and punishment.  Hearings, 102nd Congress, 1st session.  May 29-July 25, 1991.  Washington, G.P.O., 1991.  927 p.
  "Serial no. 18"
  Hearing on safe schools held on July 17, 1991.

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Labor and Human Resources.  Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities.
 Recess from violence: making our schools safe.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session on S. 1125.  Sept. 23, 1993.  Washington, G.P.O., 1993.  87 p.  ( Hearing,

U.S.  General Accounting Office.
 School safety: promising initiatives for addressing school violence; report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Children and Families, Committee o
  "GAO/HEHS-95-106, B-256397"
  Provides information "about some of the programs used by schools to curb violence."

U.S.  Office of Educational Research and Improvement.  Goal 6 Work Group.
 Reaching the goals; Goal 6: safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools.  Washington, The Group, 1993.  37 p.
  "PIP 93-1022"
  "While the use of alcohol and other drugs among America's youth has declined in recent years, it is unacceptably high, and in a large percentage of our schoo

 Violence and the schools: a collection.  Edited by Phillip Harris.  Palatine, Ill., IRI/Skylight Pub., 1994.  260 p. LB3013.3.V58 1994

 Violence in school.  Educational leadership, v. 52, Feb. 1995: 50-78.
  Partial contents.--A guide to violence prevention, by Robert Watson.--What cities are doing to protect kids, by Elizabeth Crouch and Debra Williams.--Why vio

                     VIII.  VIOLENCE IN MASS MEDIA

Andrews, Lewis M.
 Private ratings.  National review, v. 47, Sept. 25, 1995: 81-83.
  "If we are to be required to purchase the V-chip, at least let us choose the rating system."

Ballard, Ian Matheson, Jr.
 See no evil, hear no evil: television violence and the First Amendment.  Virginia law review, v. 81, Feb. 1995: 175-222.
  "Part I provides an overview of the forty-year history of government action and the broadcast industry's response, and concludes with a brief discussion of r

Barry, David S.
 Screen violence and America's children.  Spectrum, v. 66, summer 1993: 37-42.
  "Studies show that murder rates have risen in response to televised violence, not only in the United States, but elsewhere.  Despite this correlation, the br

 Big world, small screen: the role of television in American society.  Aletha C. Huston. . . [et al.]  Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1992.  195 p.  (C

Bok, Sissela.
 TV violence, children, and the press: eight rationales inhibiting public policy debates.  [Cambridge, Mass.]  Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, Pol
  "Although the depth of  [the author's] concerns about televised violence is plain from this paper, she aims primarily not to make the case for one policy pre

Cannon, Carl M.
 Honey, I warped the kids.  Mother Jones, v. 18, July-Aug. 1993: 16-21.
  Discusses violence in Hollywood-made movies and television.  A companion article, "Passing the buck in Tinseltown," by Michael Krasny, gives personal comment

Catholic Church.  Pontificial Commission for Social Communications.
 Pornography and violence in the media: a pastoral response.  Origins, v. 19, June 8, 1989: 49, 51-54.
  Text of a Vatican statement dated May 7 and released May 16, 1989.  "Professional communicators, parents, educators, the church and religious groups, youth,

 Censorship and music: rock, rap, and the First Amendment: symposium essays.  William and Mary Bill of Rights journal, v. 2, spring 1993: 151-163.
  In the first of two essays from the Bill of Rights Institute's Student Division symposium, Village Voice writing fellow Jimmie L. Briggs defends the message

Centerwall, Brandon S.
 Television and violence: the scale of the problem and where to go from here.  JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association], v. 267, June 10, 1992: 3059-
  Psychiatrist purposes to "discuss television's effects within the context of normal child development; give an overview of natural exposure to television as

Clark, Charles S.
 Sex, violence and the media: is it time to crack down on TV and movies?  CQ researcher, v. 5, Nov. 17, 1995: whole issue (1017-1039 p.).
  "Questions whether sex and violence are damaging society and examines what government should do."

Edwards, Harry T.  Berman, Mitchell N.
 Regulating violence on television.  Northwestern University law review, v.  89, summer 1995: 1487-1566.
  The authors first conclude that banning, zoning, balancing, and labelling regulations are content-based, despite the arguments of some commentators that zoni

 Flesh and blood: the National Society of Film Critics on sex, violence, and censorship.  Edited by Peter Keough.  San Francisco, Mercury House, 1995.  398 p.
PN1995.F56 1995

Galligan, Ann.  Brown, Timothy.
 Warning labels on records and tapes: the mapping of two conflicting policy positions. Journal of arts management and law, v. 21, winter 1992: 355-372.
  "The issue of warning labels is a fascinating study of First Amendment freedom that has focused public opinion around two very different and often conflictin

Gerbner, George.  Morgan, Michael.  Signorielli, Nancy.
 Television violence profile no. 16: the turning point; from research to action. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 1994.  14 p.
  Contents.--Violence profile.--Dynamics of violence.--Cultivation analysis.--Structural basis of violence.

Gitlin, Todd.
 Imagebusters: the hollow crusade against TV violence.  American prospect, no. 16, winter 1994: 42-49.
  "The question liberal crusaders fail to address is just how much real-world violence can be blamed on the media."  Jonathan Rowe argues in part two (no. 17,

Hershinger, Jessalyn.
 State restrictions on violent expression: the impropriety of extending an obscenity analysis.  Vanderbilt law review, v. 46, Mar. 1993: 473-501.
  Comment "concludes that even though states may have a stronger constitutional basis for regulating violent material than they have for restricting obscene ex

Kristol, Irving.  Valenti, Jack.
 Children, Hollywood, and censorship.  American enterprise, v. 6, Sept.-Oct. 1995: 21-22.
  "Does concern for children's upbringing justify restrictions on the liberties of adults?  Irving Kristol and Jack Valenti have two views."

Leland, John.
 Criminal records: gansta rap and the culture of violence.  Newsweek, v. 122, Nov. 29, 1993: 60-67.
  "For rap music--particularly for the school known as gangsta rap, which has found a pot of gold in selling images of black-on-black crime to mainstream Ameri

-----
 Violence, reel to real.  Newsweek, v. 126, Dec. 11, 1995: 46-48.
  "`Copycat' crimes in New York's subways reignited the debate: Do TV and movies cause actual mayhem? The evidence isn't as clear as you might think."

Lichter, S. Robert.  Jarvik, Laurence.
 Symposium: on television violence.  Insight (Washington times), v. 10, Dec. 19, 1994: 18-22.
  "The public is sick and tired of violent programming, but the industry still doesn't get it, says S. Robert Lichter.  Don't blame the messenger, responds Lau

Liebert, Robert M.  Sprafkin, Joyce.
 The early window: effects of television on children and youth.  3rd ed.  New York, Pergamon Press, 1988.  306 p.  (Pergamon general psychology series, v. 34)
  Partial contents.--TV violence: early politics, theories and research.--The surgeon general's report.--Aftermath of the report.--Twenty years of TV violence

Link, David.
 Facts about fiction: in defense of TV violence.  Reason, v. 25, Mar. 1994: 22-26.
  "Despite millennia of moral teachings to the contrary, some people are going to murder, rape, mutilate, and torture others, and there seems to be no certain

Minow, Newton N.  LaMay Craig L.
 Abandoned in the wasteland: children, television, and the First Amendment.  1st ed.  New York, Hill and Wang, 1995.  237 p. KF2840.M56 1995

Olmsted, Dan.  Anders, Gigi.
 Turned off; special TV survey: sex & vulgarity.  USA weekend, June 2-4, 1995: 4-6.
  "Nearly all of the 65,000 readers responding to our write-in survey say TV is too vulgar, too violent and too racy.  TV execs call it reality."

Sunstein, Cass R.
 Is violent speech a right?  American prospect, no. 22, summer 1995: 34-37.
  "Advocacy of illegal violence to kill people is not necessarily constitutionally protected speech."

Symposium on Television and Violence (1994 : Hofstra University)
 Television and violence: a symposium.  Hofstra law review, v. 22, summer 1994: 773-895.
  Partial contents.--Congressional interest in the problem of television and violence, by John Windhausen [Senior Counsel, Communications Subcommittee, Senate

 TV violence: more objectionable in entertainment than in newscasts.  Washington, Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press, 1993.  53 p.
  "For release: Wednesday, March 25, 1993, A.M."
  "Many more Americans express concern about the amount of violence on entertainment television programs than about the increasingly violent content of broadca

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Energy and Commerce.  Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness.
 Music lyrics and commerce.  Hearings, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  Feb. 11-May 5, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  155 p.
  "Serial no. 103-112"

 U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee on Energy and Commerce.  Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance.
 Violence in video games.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session.  June 30, 1994.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  61 p.
  "Serial no. 103-124"

-----
 Violence on television.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st session.  May 12-Sept. 15, 1993.  Washington, G.P.O., 1994.  390 p.
  "Serial no. 103-79"

U.S.  Congress.  Conference Committees, 1996.
 Telecommunications Act of 1996; conference report to accompany S. 652.  Washington, G.P.O., 1996.  214 p.  (Report, Senate, 104th Congress, 2nd session, no. 1

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
 Children's Protection from Violent Programming Act of 1995; report . . . together with additional and minority views on S. 470.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  32

-----
 Television Violence Report Card Act of 1995; report, together with minority views on S. 772.  Washington, G.P.O., 1996.  19 p.  (Report, Senate, 104th Congres

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice.
 Rating video games: a parent's guide to games.  Joint hearings before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary and the Subcommit
  "Serial no. J-103-37"
-----
 Shaping our responses to violent and demeaning imagery in popular music.  Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session to examine the effects of violent and demeaning
  "Serial no. J-103-43"

 U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee on the Judiciary.  Subcommittee on the Constitution.
 Implementation of the Television Program Improvement Act of 1990.  Joint hearings before the Subcommittee on the Constitution and the Subcommittee on Juvenile
  "Serial no. J-103-13"

 Violence on television: pros & cons.  Congressional digest, v. 72, Dec. 1993: whole issue (289-314 p.)
  Presents background information on and separate arguments for and against legislation to regulate television violence.

Wulf, Steven.
 Glued to the tube.  Time, v. 145, June 26, 1995: 66-68, 70, 72.
  "New concerns are raised about what TV is doing to our kids."

Zoglin, Richard.
 Chips ahoy.  Time, v. 147, Feb. 19, 1996: 58-61.
  "As a new study warns that violence saturates the airwaves, a technological quick fix promises to help.  But will the V-chip really protect our children?"


          Resolved that the Federal Government should
          establish a program to substantially reduce
              juvenile crime in the United States

             A Guide to Information Sources on the
              1996-1997 High School Debate Topic

                        Tangela G. Roe
                      Senior Bibliographer
                  Library Services Division

                   with the assistance of
     Valerie Miles-Washington, Bibliographic Assistant

                           June 1996

                           CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION  69

 RESEARCH SOURCES  70

 HOW TO LOCATE REFERENCE SOURCES  72
  BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS  72
  ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DIRECTORIES  73
  JOURNAL ARTICLES  73
  NEWSPAPER ARTICLES  76
  ONLINE DATABASES  78
  CD-ROM DATABASES  79
  DISSERTATIONS  79
  GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS  79
  LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION  80
  STATISTICAL SOURCES  81
  INTERNET RESOURCES  82

 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS  82
  DIRECTORIES TO AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS  82
  FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES  83

                  A GUIDE TO INFORMATION SOURCES
           on the 1996-1997 High School Debate Topic

                           INTRODUCTION

 This research guide identifies sources of information on juvenile crime and related topics that will be discussed by high school debaters.  It describes refer

 Although printed sources are emphasized in this guide, debaters should also take note of the Federal organizations listed in the section on further contacts a

                           RESEARCH SOURCES

 This is a list of key information resources described in this guide, and the page where each is described.

ABC Pol Sci (Advance Bibliography of Contents: Political
   Science & Government) 74
Academic Index 74
American Library Directory 73
American Statistics Index (ASI) 81
Atlanta Journal, The Atlanta Constitution Index 76
Black Newspapers Index 77
Books in Print 72
Boston Globe Index 77
Business Periodicals Index 74
Christian Science Monitor Index 77
CIS Index 80
Clearinghouse Directory 82
Comprehensive Dissertation Index (CDI) 79
Congressional Index 80
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 80
Congressional Record 81
Criminal Justice Abstracts 74
Criminal Justice Periodical Index 74
Current Law Index 74
DATATIMES 78
Denver Post Index 77
Depository Libraries 79
Detroit News Index 77
DIALOG 78
Directory of Directories 73
Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI)  79
Encyclopedia of Associations 82
Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations 83
Federal Depository Library Program 79
Government Reports Announcements and Index 79
Government Research Directory 83
GPO Access 79
Guardian Index 77
Houston Chronicle Index 77
Houston Post Index 77
Index To Legal Periodicals 74
Index To U.S. Government Periodicals 80
Information USA 73
Infotrac II 75
Law Reviews Library (LAWREV) 78
LC MARVEL (Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic
   Library) 82
Legal News Library (LEGNEW) 78
Legal Reference Library (LEXREF) 78
Legal Resource Index 75
LegalTrac 75
LEXIS/NEXIS 78
Library of Congress Information System (LOCIS) 82
Library of Congress Subject Headings 72
Los Angeles Times Index 77
Magazine Index Plus 75
Minneapolis Star and Tribune Index 77
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications 80
National Journal 81
National Newspaper Index 86
National Referral Center Resources File (NRCM) 82
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 75
New York Times Index 76
News Library (NEWS)  78
NEWSNET 78
Newssearch 76
Ovid Online (Formerly BRS) 78
Policy Research Center Directory 83
Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) 75
Reader's Guide To Periodical Literature 76
Research Center's Directory 83
San Francisco Chronicle Index 77
Sears List of Subject Headings 72
Social Sciences Citation Index 76
Social Sciences Index 76
St. Louis Post-Dispatch Index 77
Statistical Abstract of the United States 81
Statistical Reference Index 81
THOMAS 81
Times-Picayune Index 77
United States Government Manual 83
University Microfilms International Indexes 76
USA Today Index 77
VUTEXT 78
Wall Street Journal Index 77
Washington Information Directory 83
Washington Post Index 77
Washington Times Index 77
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 80
WilsonLine 79
World Wide Web 82


                     HOW TO LOCATE REFERENCE SOURCES

                          BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS

 Many libraries around the country, particularly large academic and research libraries, use Library of Congress subject headings in their catalogs.  To learn h

Child prostitution
Children and violence
Children--Alcohol use
Children--Drug use
Children--Substance use
Drug abuse and crime
Drug abuse--Prevention
Gangs
Juvenile corrections
Juvenile courts
Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency--Prevention
Juvenile delinquents
Juvenile delinquents--Rehabilitation
Juvenile detention
Juvenile detention homes
Juvenile homicide
Juvenile justice, Administration of
Juvenile parole
Juvenile probation
Narcotics and crime
Police services for juveniles
Reformatories
School violence
Shock incarceration
Status offenders
Teenage sex offenders
Teenagers--Alcohol use
Teenagers--Drug use
Teenagers--Substance use
Violence in mass media
Violence in motion pictures
Violence in television
Youth--Alcohol use
Youth--Drug use
Youth--Substance use

These terms may also be used in searching the Library of Congress catalogs on the Internet. Consult the section on Internet Resources, below.

 In many school and public libraries, books are arranged by the Dewey Decimal classification system.  In these libraries, books are usually assigned subject he

 If you have trouble locating books that are listed here or in other bibliographic sources, ask your librarian about Books in Print and about interlibrary loan

                    ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DIRECTORIES

ENCYCLOPEDIAS

 Most libraries carry a selection of encyclopedias; these can be an excellent starting point in gathering basic background information on a topic.  Subject hea

INFORMATION USA

 This general purpose directory provides access to more than 12,000 agencies and organizations in the U.S.

DIRECTORY OF DIRECTORIES

 This publication serves as a guide to the many catalogs, encyclopedias, checklists, and other compilations of information that exist in print.  Any publicatio

AMERICAN LIBRARY DIRECTORY

 Edited and compiled by R. R. Bowker, this directory lists public, academic, government and special libraries in the United States, and regions administered by

                           JOURNAL ARTICLES

 Citations to journal articles and other materials about juvenile delinquency and related topics can be found in a number of printed indexes, online bibliograp

 Online bibliographic databases are useful for locating citations to journal articles and other materials quickly by using a computer terminal to search a mach

 Brief descriptions of some major online services providing access to bibliographic databases are provided.  A reference librarian can advise you on the availa

 Many libraries now have CD-ROM products of printed indexes available for researchers.  This technology enables a user to search materials available in printed
 ABC POL SCI (Advance Bibliography of Contents: Political Science & Government)

 This is a guide to current periodical literature in the field of political science and government as well as in the related disciplines of sociology, law, and

ACADEMIC INDEX

 This index provides access to the 400 scholarly and general interest publications most commonly held by academic libraries, expanding on the coverage of its s

BUSINESS PERIODICALS INDEX

 Articles from over 300 business periodicals are listed in this index.  It is published monthly, except for August, and a bound cumulation is issued each year.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ABSTRACTS

 Criminal Justice Abstracts is issued quarterly, and includes in-depth abstracts to articles, books, reports, dissertations, and unpublished papers in the fiel

CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERIODICAL INDEX

 The Criminal Justice Periodical Index indexes U.S., British, and Canadian journals in the field of criminal justice.  This index is issued in three parts each

CURRENT LAW INDEX

 The American Association of Law Libraries sponsors this index of articles in legal periodicals.  Separate subject and author indexes and tables of cases and o

INDEX TO LEGAL PERIODICALS

 The Index lists articles "of high quality and permanent reference value" in legal periodicals published in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and other

  Administration of juvenile justice
  Gangs
  Juvenile offenders
  Narcotics
  Schools and school districts
  Substance abuse
  Violence

INFOTRAC II

 This CD-ROM product provides a subject index to more than 400 popular and widely-read magazines plus the New York Times.  Its coverage includes current affair

LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX

 Legal Resource Index is the companion microfilm service of the Current Law Index, above.  It is available online commercially through the DIALOG Information S

LEGALTRAC

 LegalTrac is an index on CD-ROM to more than 800 legal periodicals starting from 1980; it is updated monthly.

MAGAZINE INDEX PLUS

 Magazine Index Plus is a microfilm product that provides citations to materials in over 400 of the periodicals most requested by small-to-average sized public

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS)

 This database is available commercially online and via the Internet.  NTIS consists of Government-sponsored research, development, and engineering information

PUBLIC AFFAIRS INFORMATION SERVICE (PAIS)

 PAIS is a subject index of books, pamphlets, government publications, reports of public and private agencies, and periodical articles relating to political an

  Drug abuse
  Gangs
  Juvenile delinquents
  Juvenile justice
  Narcotics and crime
  School violence
  Violence in mass media
 READER'S GUIDE TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE

 The Reader's Guide is an author/subject index to over 180 periodicals of general interest published in the United States and Canada.  It is published twice a

SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX

 Social Sciences Citation Index, which covers hundreds of journals, is issued quarterly and annually.  It differs from other indexes in that there are no stand

SOCIAL SCIENCES INDEX

 Social Sciences Index, published quarterly and cumulated annually, provides author and title access to 350 journals in area studies, economics, international

                      NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

NATIONAL NEWSPAPER INDEX

 National Newspaper Index indexes the Christian Science Monitor, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post.  References from

NEW YORK TIMES INDEX

 The New York Times Index provides extensive abstracts for articles appearing in the New York Times.  It is issued twice a month, with quarterly and annual cum

NEWSSEARCH

 Newssearch is the commercially available, daily update of Magazine Index, National Newspaper Index, and Legal Resource Index.  It provides front-page to back-

UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INTERNATIONAL INDEXES

 UMI distributes The New York Times Index listed above.  In addition, UMI publishes indexes to a number of other newspapers using search terms from its own lis

 Atlanta Journal, The Atlanta Constitution Index.  FREQUENCY: Annual

 Black Newspapers Index.  1st quarter 1987-   FREQUENCY: Quarterly, with annual cumulation

 Boston Globe Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Christian Science Monitor Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Denver Post Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Detroit News Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Guardian Index.  Vol. 1 (Jan. 1986)-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with annual cumulation

 Houston Chronicle Index.  Jan. 1993-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Houston Post Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Los Angeles Times Index.  Jan. 1984-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with annual cumulations

 Minneapolis Star and Tribune Index.  Jan. 1984-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with annual cumulations, 1985-  Monthly, with semiannual and annual cumulations, 1984

 San Francisco Chronicle Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 St. Louis Post-Dispatch Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Times-Picayune Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly cumulations

 USA Today Index.  Jan. 1987-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Washington Post Index.  Jan. 1989-   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

 Washington Times Index.   FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations

WALL STREET JOURNAL INDEX

 The Wall Street Journal Index is issued in eight monthly and four quarterly cumulations, and a bound annual volume.

OTHER NEWSPAPER INDEXES

 In addition, many newspapers are indexed locally; ask a librarian about indexes to your local newspaper.

                          ONLINE DATABASES

 Many libraries now have access to computerized versions of printed indexes.  The information is stored in databases that can be accessed through personal comp

DATATIMES

 DATATIMES is an online search and retrieval service.  This information network can access hundreds of sources, including newswires, newspapers, magazines, and

DIALOG

 DIALOG Information Service is an online service that includes a wide variety of databases, ranging from newspaper and journal indexes through statistical refe

LEXIS/NEXIS

 LEXIS/NEXIS is an online search and retrieval service with numerous subfiles of information.  The News Library (NEWS) contains more than 2,300 full-text infor

NEWSNET

 NEWSNET includes comprehensive bibliographic data on more than 380 newsletters and other news and information services.

OVID ONLINE (FORMERLY BRS)

 OVID online is an online service providing primarily bibliographic information.  The service offers access to information in the fields of science, social sci

VUTEXT

 VUTEXT indexes local and regional newspapers for most of the major metropolitan areas in the United States.

 WILSONLINE

 The H. W. Wilson Company, which publishes the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, along with a number of other indexes to journal literature, has its own

                           CD-ROM DATABASES

 Some libraries have installed CD-ROM databases as an alternative to print and online indexes.  CD-ROM is a technology that allows a great deal of information

                           DISSERTATIONS

 Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) is a monthly list of doctoral dissertations submitted to University Microfilms International by more than 450 acade

                        GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

FEDERAL DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM

 Under this program, Federal Government publications are made available to designated depository libraries.  In order to provide the greatest possible access t

GOVERNMENT REPORTS ANNOUNCEMENTS AND INDEX

 Government research reports are indexed in the Government Reports Announcements and Index, which is issued twice a month by the National Technical Information

GPO ACCESS

 GPO Access is an Internet database provided by the Government Printing Office.  It contains full text congressional bills from the 103rd and 104th Congresses,

INDEX TO U.S. GOVERNMENT PERIODICALS

 The index covers individual periodical articles published by over 100 Federal agencies, using a thesaurus created exclusively for itself.

MONTHLY CATALOG OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

 The Monthly Catalog lists documents issued by all branches of the Federal Government.  The catalog has monthly, semiannual, and annual indexes, arranged by au

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS

 This publication contains statements, messages, and other Presidential materials released by the White House during the preceding week.  There are weekly, qua

                     LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION

 Congressional and executive department activities on juvenile crime and related issues may be monitored by searching the following printed publications:

CIS INDEX

 The CIS Index, produced by the Congressional Information Service, abstracts all congressional publications except the Congressional Record.  The Index is publ

CONGRESSIONAL INDEX

 The Congressional Index, published by the Commerce Clearing House, is a weekly looseleaf service providing content and status information for bills and resolu

CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY WEEKLY REPORT

 This periodical provides current information on congressional activities, the progress of major bills, and background information on major policy issues.  Rec

 Congressional Quarterly also publishes an annual volume which cumulates material from the weekly reports.  There is an index at the back of each volume, which

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

 The Congressional Record provides an edited transcript of the activities on the floor of the House and the Senate.  It is published each day Congress is in se

NATIONAL JOURNAL

 National Journal provides information on important executive, congressional, and judicial actions.  In addition to the weekly and semi-annual indexes, there i

THOMAS

 THOMAS is an online public access system of legislative and Congressional information named in honor of Thomas Jefferson.  Initiated by the leadership of the

                        STATISTICAL SOURCES

AMERICAN STATISTICS INDEX (ASI)

 The American Statistics Index indexes and describes the statistical publications of the U.S. Government, including periodicals, annuals, biennials, semi-annua

STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF THE UNITED STATES:
NATIONAL DATA BOOK AND GUIDE TO SOURCES

 Published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, on an annual basis, this source includes pertinent statistical information under Juveniles

STATISTICAL REFERENCE INDEX

 The Statistical Reference Index provides a guide and index to selected statistical reference material from non-Federal sources on a wide variety of topics.  I

                            INTERNET RESOURCES

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS GOPHER: LC MARVEL

 The Library of Congress provides Internet access to its campus-wide information system, LC MARVEL (Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Libr

 LC MARVEL resources provided directly by the ibrary include image and text files from the Library's exhibits; services and information for visitors and resear

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 The Web is an Internet-based online information delivery tool which makes use of hypertext and hypermedia documents.  Hypertex/media refers to specialy coded

                       AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

 There are numerous public policy-oriented organizations with an interest in juvenile crime. The list which follows is a selection of some of the many availabl

DIRECTORIES TO AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

Clearinghouse Directory, 1991-92.  1st ed.  Donna Batten, editor.  Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1991.  429 p.
"A guide to information clearinghouses and their resources, services, and publications."

Encyclopedia of Associations, 1996.  30th ed.  Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1995.  3 v.
Vols. 1-2. National organizations of the U.S.--Vol. 3. Name and key word index.
Available online as DIALOG file 114.  Available on CD-ROM, Gale Global access: Associations.
Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations, 1996-97.  10th ed.  Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1995.  1573 p.
"A reference guide to 6,800 permanent, continuing, and ad hoc U.S. Presidential advisory committees, congressional advisory committees, . . . and other similar

Government Research Directory, 1996-1997.  9th ed.  Jacqueline K. Barrett and Monica M. Hubbard, editors.  Detriot, Gale Research Co., 1996.  1038 p.

Policy Research Center Directory.  Urbana, Policy Studies Organization, University of Illinois.
"A directory describing university and non-university centers, institutes, or organizations that conduct policy studies research.

Research Centers Directory, 1996.  20th ed.  Anthony L. Gerring.  editor.  Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1995.  2 v.
A guide to university-related and other nonprofit research organizations established on a permanent basis and carrying on continuing research programs in sever

United States Government Manual, 1995/1996.  Prepared by the U.S. Office of the Federal Register.  Washington, G.P.O., 1995.  894 p.
Issued annually, this is the official organization handbook of the Federal Government, giving information on the organization, activities, and current official

Washington Information Directory.  Washington, Congressional Quarterly, 1975/6-
Provides information on agencies and departments of the Federal Government as well as information on non-governmental organizations.  The directory is divided

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

The following is a list of some Federal agencies which may be able to provide materials on juvenile crime and related topics.  Sources listed under Directories

Executive Office of the President
National Drug Control Policy
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20500

National Institute of Justice (Department of Justice)
633 Indiana Ave., N.W., #1142
Washington, DC 20531

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH)
6000 Executive Blvd.,  Suite 400
Rockville, MD 20892-7003

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH)
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857

U.S. Department of Education
Safe and Drug-Free Schools
604 Portals Building
(mailing address: 600 Independence Ave., S.W.
Washington, DC 20202-6123)

U.S. Department of Justice
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
633 Indiana Ave. N.W.., #742
Washington, DC 20531

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                     SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
                        WASHINGTON, DC  20402

                                                                  SB-043

U.S. Government Information about the:

              HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TOPIC, 1996-1997

*   *   *   *   *   *

RESOLVED: That the Federal Government should establish a program to substantially reduce juvenile crime in the United States.

*   *   *   *   *   *

County and City Data Book, 1994: A Statistical Abstract Supplement.  BOOK.  1994.  Presents a variety of information on States, counties, cities, and places in
C 3.134/2:C 83/2/994
                       S/N 003-024-08753-7                         $40.00

Federal Probation: A Journal of Correctional Philosophy and Practice.  SUBSCRIPTION.  LIST ID FPQ.  Issued quarterly. Contains articles relating to all the pha
Ju 10.8:
                       S/N 727-001-00000-0                           7.00

National Drug Control Strategy: Strengthening Communities' Response to Drugs and Crime, February 1995.  BOOK.  1995.  Includes sections on: Strategy overview;
PREX 1.2:D 84/18
                      S/N 040-000-00655-9                            13.00

Preventing Crime and Promoting Responsibility: 50 Programs That Help Communities Help Their Youth.  BOOK.  1995.  Presents a catalog of Federal crime preventio
                     S/N 040-000-00665-6                             $8.00

Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice.  BOOK.  1988.  Includes data from the Bureau of Justice statistics, the FBI Uniform Crime Reports, the Bureau of the
0-16-003620-8
J 29.2:R 29/2
                     S/N 027-000-01295-7                              8.50

Responding to Drug Use and Violence: Helping People, Families, and Communities, A Directory and Resource Guide to Public- and Private-Sector Drug Control Grant
                   S/N 040-000-00656-7                               12.00

Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1993.  BOOK.  1994.  Brings together nationwide data of interest to the criminal justice community. Compiles informa
J 29.9.6:993
                   S/N 027-000-01355-4                               41.00

Strategies for Keeping Kids in School: Evaluation of Dropout Prevention and Reentry in Vocational Education, Final Report.  BOOK.  1995.  Summarizes the findin
                   S/N 065-000-00783-5                               $15.00

Uniform Crime Reports for the United States, 1994.  BOOK.  1995.  Gives a nationwide view of crime based on statistics contributed by State and local law enfor
                   S/N 027-001-00069-6                                 25.00

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, Public Law 103-322.  BOOK.  1994.  An Act to Control and Prevent Crime. Approved September 13, 1994. Con
AE 2.100:103-322
                    S/N 869-024-00112-7                                13.00

Where to Order     Superintendent of Documents
                   P.O. Box 371954
                   Pittsburgh, PA  15250-7954

How to Remit       Regulations require payment in advance of
                   shipment. Check or money order should be
                   made payable to the Superintendent of
                   Documents. Orders may also be charged to
                   your Superintendent of Documents
                   prepaid deposit account with this Office,
                   MasterCard or VISA. If credit card is used,
                   please be sure to include its date of
                   expiration. Postage stamps are not
                   acceptable.

Please Note        Supplies of government documents are
                   limited and prices are subject to change
                   without prior notice.

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