|
Proceedings of the 9th Annual
Federal Depository Library Conference
October 22 - 25, 2000
Cover/Title Page | Table of Contents | Agenda
The Digital Libraries Initiative:
A USA Federal Program of Research and Applications
Stephen M. Griffin
National Science Foundation
Arlington, VA
Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI)
http://www.dli2.nsf.gov
Phase 1: Program Profile
- Sponsored by NSF, DARPA, NASA
- 1994 - 1998
- Six university-led projects; similar project model for each
- $24M total over five years, ending fall 1998.
- A program of fundamental digital libraries research, testbed building and partnerships
Project/Research Focus
Carnegie Mellon University: Digital Video Libraries
speech, image and natural language technologies integration
University of Michigan: Intelligent Agent Architectures
software agents; resource federation; artificial service market economies; educational impact
Stanford University: Uniform Access
interoperability; protocols & standards; distributed object architectures; interface design for distributed information retrieval
University of California, Santa Barbara: Geographic Information Systems
spatially-indexed data; content-based retrieval; image-compression; metadata
University of Illinois: Intelligent Search and the Net
large-scale information retrieval across knowledge domains; semantic search; SGML; user/usage studies
University of California, Berkeley: Media Integration and Access
new models of "documents"; natural language processing; content-based image retrieval; innovative interface design
DLI Phase 1 Collaboration and Partnering
DLI Lead Institutions:
Carnegie Mellon
University of California, Berkeley
University of Illinois
Stanford University
University of Michigan
University of California, Santa Barbara
Flow of Resources, Technologies, Knowledge, Intellectual Products
Computer & Communications Companies
Digital Equipment Corp.
Xerox Corp.
Xerox PARC
Intel Corp.
Apple Corporation
Bellcore
Eastman Kodak Co.
IBM
Lockheed
Interconnect Tech Corp.
Enterprise Integration (EIT)
Bellcore
Interval
Microsoft Corp.
Bell Atlantic Network Services
AT&T
Hewlett Packard
United Technologies
Softquad
BRS/Dataware
Spyglass
Hitachi
Publishers/Content Providers
Elsevier Science Group
Encyclopedia Britannica
McGraw-Hill Publishers
Dialog Information Services
O'Reilly
WAIS, Inc.
QED Communications
John Wiley & Sons
U.S. News & World Report
M&T Publishing
Tribune Company
UMI
Professional Societies
American Math Society (AMA)
ACM
IEEE
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
American Physical Society
American Institute of Physics
NCGIA
Association of Research Libraries
Other Universities
SUNY Buffalo
University of Maine
University of Arizona
Open University, U.K.
University of Wisconsin
University of Colorado
MIT
Cornell University
Libraries
Project Site University Libraries
USGS Library
Library of Congress
California State Library
Sonoma County Library
St. Louis Public Library
New York Public Libraries
International Organizations
ERCIM
Primary & Secondary Schools
Project-local community schools
Fairfax County Public Schools
Winchester-Thurston School
Ann Arbor Public Schools
Stuyvesant High School, NYC
Shasta County Office of Education
Government Agencies and Labs
DMA/CIO
US Navy
USGS
NASA/ARC
Research Agency of California
San Diego Association of Governments
Other/Non-Profits
CNRI
Environmental Systems Research Institute
Mellon Foundation
Kellogg Foundation
Getty Foundation
Digital Libraries Initiative - Phase 2
- Core Sponsors: NSF, DARPA, NLM, LoC, NASA, NEH
~$8-10 million/yr for 5 years (beginning FY98)
- sponsor a full-spectrum of activities: fundamental research, content & collections development, domain applications, testbeds, operational environments, new resources for education and preserving America’s cultural heritage
- address topics over entire DL lifecycle: information creation, dissemination, access, use, preservation, impact, contexts
- implement a modular, open program structure: add new sponsors, performers, projects at any time
Program Goals:
New DL research, technologies and applications to advance the use of distributed, networked information of all types around the nation and the world
DLI Phase 2 Collaboration and Partnering
DLI2 Academic Institutions
Flow of Resources, Technologies, Knowledge, Intellectual Products
Computer & Communications Companies
Digital Equipment Corp.
Xerox Corp.
Xerox PARC
Intel Corp.
Apple Corporation
IBM
SRI International
Oracle
GE
Interval
Microsoft Corp.
Bell Atlantic Network Services
AT&T
Lucent Technologies
Hewlett Packard
Informix
Sharp
NEC
Hitachi
Sun Microsystems
Healthwise
Welch Allyn
Government Agencies and Labs
Smithsonian Institution
US Navy
Los Alamos National Laboratory
National Park Service
California Academy of Sciences
CA Env. Res. Eval. Sys. (CERES)
CA Dept. of Water Resources
San Diego Supercomputer Center
USGS
NASA/ARC
Resources Agency of California
S. California Earthquake Center
Consortium of Research Libraries-UK
UK Office for Library & Information Networking
Libraries/Museums
Library of Congress
California Digital Library
New York Public Library
NASA Ames Library
USGS Library
Museum Fine Arts, Boston
Professional Societies
Modern Language Association
ACM
Oral History Association
NCGIA
Association of Research Libraries
Chicago Historical Society
Other/Non-Profits
Mellon Foundation
Parkard Humanities Institute
Getty Foundation
Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center
International Organizations
EU/ERCIM
JISC
DFG
Content Providers
CNN
The News Hour with Jim Lehrer
Dialog Information Services
Academic Projects Partners
University Arizona
University of Bath
University of Bristol
University of California at Berkeley
University of California at Davis
University of California at Los Angeles
University of California at Santa Barbara
Carnegie Mellon
Columbia University
Cornell University
Eckerd College
Georgia State University
Harvard University
University of Illinois at Chicago
Indiana University
John Hopkins University
University of Kentucky
King’s College, London
University of Leeds
University of Liverpool
University of Maryland
University of Massachusetts
University of Michigan
Michigan State University
University of North Carolina
Old Dominion University
Oregon Health Sciences University
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
University of Pennsylvania
University of Texas at Austin
University of South Carolina
Southampton University
Stanford University
Swarthmore College
Tufts University
University of Washington
University of Wisconsin at Madison
Comparison of DLI with DLI - Phase 2
DLI - Phase 1 (1994-1998)
Research: broad, technology-centered
Testbeds: for technology research
Content/collections: donated to projects
Infrastructure: limited testbed development
Context: primarily user evaluation
DLI - Phase 2 (1998-2002)
Research: refined technical scope; extend to new areas and dimensions in the DL information lifecycle
Testbeds: for DL research with added emphasis on interoperability & technology integration
Content/collections: increased emphasis on content, collections development and management
Infrastructure: operational DLs with collections of value to domain and other "communities" of users
Context: understanding DLs in domain, economic, social, international contexts
The Federal High Performance Computing and Communications Program, 1992-1996
- Early focus on speed and bandwidth
- Two dimensional thinking of early 1990s
- Three dimensional thinking of mid-1990s
Next: Advanced functional capabilities, wide use
- Digital libraries must present vastly different content at the use level yet maintain striking similarities at the digital level. To do this requires interdisciplinary research at all stages of the content lifecycle and layers of networking infrastructure.
Add context and structure to digital content in early stages of preparation
- adding metadata to digital content early makes a digital library much more useful and inexpensive than trying to create more intelligent software to compensate for it later
Challenges for Digital Libraries
- use the Internet to enhance creation, access, and usability of globally distributed content-of-value
- build information technologies to acquire new knowledge and understanding from the world's stores of information
- maintain the substance, form, and function of information objects from source through network to user (skeuomorph)
A Major Issue for Sponsors
What proportion of resources should go to:
- Efforts to make software intelligent?
- Efforts to make content intelligible?
___________________________________________________________
Worldwide Production of Original Content (Estimates, 1999)
|
Storage Medium |
TB/Year
Upper Estimate |
TB/Year
Lower Estimate |
Growth rate, Percent |
|
Paper |
240 |
23 |
2 |
|
Film |
427,216 |
58,216 |
4 |
|
Optical |
83 |
31 |
70 |
|
Magnetic |
1,693,000 |
635,660 |
55 |
|
TOTAL |
2,120,539 |
693,930 |
50 |
Source: School of Information Management and Systems, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/how-much-info/
- Information technology is pushed by research and applications in other disciplines.
- Computer Science is stressed by and enlivened by engagement in new topical problem areas.
- Interdisciplinarity beyond the sciences has much to offer.
Changing Scales and Contexts of Interaction and Collaboration
- International collaborative efforts are essential to achieving a content-rich, balanced Global Information Infrastructure. Issues must be addressed through collaborations at many levels.
Making Global Digital Libraries Infrastructure Means:
- Merging intellectual perspectives
- Dealing with heterogeneity at many levels
- Achieving interoperability at many levels
- Integrating information technologies
- Building large collections of great diversity
- Supporting functions beyond search and query
- New conceptualizations of the future (imagination)
- Global participation
- Economic and IP models for new information use
Building Large Scale Operational Systems
- Our understanding of the impacts of digital libraries on social institutions and practices is limited because we do not yet have large-scale systems being heavily used to observe and analyze.
- The reflexive behaviors of systems, supporting infrastructures and user populations become apparent when millions of people use digital libraries, not thousands.
Making Digital Libraries Infrastructure Requires Dealing with Heterogeneity at Many Levels:
- Objects, collections, services, platforms
Making Digital Libraries Infrastructure Requires Merging Intellectual Perspectives
Traditional Libraries Stress:
- Service
- Selection, Organization, Structure for Access
- Centralization, Standards
- Physical objects & standard genres
Contemporary Technological Capabilities (e.g., WWW) Stress:
- Flexibility, Openness
- Rapid Evolution
- Decentralization (geographic, administrative)
- Digital objects, old and new genres
Making Digital Libraries Infrastructure Requires
- Application of Integrated Technologies
- Building Large Collections of Diverse Information
- Supporting More than Query
- New Conceptualizations of the Future (imagination)
Digital Libraries Initiative Project Highlights
- Basic Representations of Music & Audio
- Blobworld Update
- Open Archives Metadata Set
- Alexandria Digital Library
- Informedia-II: Integrated Video Information Extraction and Synthesis
- Example of a Large Data Object: Michelangelo’s David
- The Digital Atheneum
- Cervantes Project
Goals for the Future
- Gather information and build collections (to better use what we have and discover what is missing...)
- Create new global communities (to communicate and collaborate)
- Make technology disappear (from our awareness and experience)
The definition of "digital library" continues to evolve
Internet accessible digital objects (representing text, data, documents, images, sound, video, agents, databases, middleware...) with sufficient identity, structure and contextual information to allow creating coherent collections on demand to service the needs of diverse user communities (query, analysis, communication, collaboration, …)
For More Information:
- Digital Libraries Initiative Home Page:
http://www.dli2.nsf.gov/
| ![[ Click Here For Information About the FDLP Desktop ]](http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/images/fdlpdskz.jpg)
